Insulin Mechanisms

Question 1

When is insulin secreted, and what does it respond to?

Answer 1

Insulin is secreted in response to elevated blood glucose levels after meals.

Question 2

How does insulin lower blood glucose levels?

Answer 2

It facilitates glucose entry into cells via GLUT, enhances glycolysis, glycogenesis in liver and muscle, lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue, and activates amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in muscles

Question 3

: Where is insulin produced in the body?

Answer 3

Insulin is produced in the beta islet cells of the pancreas

Question 4

What are the two major signaling systems for insulin

Answer 4

Akt/PKB protein kinases and MAPK pathways

Question 5

What does Akt/PKB control?

Answer 5

: It controls most metabolic actions, including lipid, protein, and glycogen synthesis, cell survival and proliferation, glucose transport, and receptor endocytosis

Question 6

What does MAPK regulate

Answer 6

It regulates mitogenic functions, gene expression, transcription factor activation, growth, intracellular vesicle traffic, and actin organization