Cardiovascular and muscle roles in exercise

Question 1

Explain how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise

Question 2

Describe how skeletal muscles function during exercise

Question 3

What happens during exercise

Answer 3

multiple physiological systems work together to delivery oxygen and nutrients to generate energy in the form of ATP required for muscle contraction and movement

Question 4

What does the heart do in exercise

Answer 4

The heart increases the rate and volume of ejection to match the increased demand for energy

• Resistance training results in thicker ventricular walls, more characteristic of pathological hypertrophy
• Cardio training results in larger hearts that can eject more blood with each ejection (physiological hypertrophy)

Question 5

How is ATP generated

Answer 5

The muscle metabolises fats, protein, and glucose to generate ATP required for muscle contraction and this can occur either in the presence or absence of intramuscular oxygen

Question 6

What controls muscle size

Answer 6

Muscle size is controlled in part by myokines myostatin and activins, and targeting these growth factors can increase muscle mass and function