Instruments Flashcards
A/C approach categories
A: Speed < 91 kts
B: 91 kts <= Speed < 121 kts
C: 121 kts <= Speed < 141 kts
D: 141 kts <= Speed < 166 kts
E: Speed > 166 kts
Minimum Enroute IFR Altitude/ MEA
The lowest published altitude between two radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.
Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude/ MOCA
The lowest published altitude in effect between radio fixes on VOR airways, off-airway routes, or route segments which meets obstacle clearance requirements for the entire route segment and which assures acceptable navigation signal coverage within 22 nm of a VOR.
Off-Route obstruction clearance altitude/ OROCA
An off-route altitude which provides obstruction clearance within each bounded latitude/ longitude quadrant as shown on FAA IFR charts. This altitude provides obstruction clearance of 1000 ft in non-mountains, 2000 ft in mountains within US.
Enroute Low altitude charts
36 charts printed on 18 sheets depict the airway system and related information required for IFR operations at altitudes below 18.000 ft MSL. Produced by FAA and printed by DLA for DoD use every 8 weeks.
Use of flight plans
The purpose of an IFR Flightplan is to communicate the pilot’s desires to Air Traffic Control.
Code for Army A/C identification
R + Last 5 digits of tail number
VOR precision check
Fly to specific landmark:
+- 4° for ground check
+- 6° for airborne check
Index for Aeronautical Information
General Planning Chapter 1
Explanation of Terms
General Planning Chapter 2
Explanations for FLIP programm
General Planning Chapter 3
Flight plans
General Planning Chapter 4
Aircraft Codes
General Planning Chapter 5
Publication Cycle of General Planning and Flight Information Handbook
32 weeks
Publication Cycle of Area Planning
24 weeks
TLA
Terminal Low Altitude Charts
Publication Cycle TLA
8 weeks
Publication Cycle IFR Enroute Low Altitude
8 weeks
OROCA
Off Route Obstruction Clearance
Above MSL
1000 ft buffer normally
2000 ft buffer in mountain area
True or False
Flight operating at 19.500 MSL can utilize the IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts?
False, only up to, but not including 18.000 MSL
A depiction of the contiguous states is on the lower half of the front panel. Several cities are listed, some in black and some in green. What is the significance of the two colors?
Black: Major traffic hubs for which area chars are provided
Green: city to assist in orientation and selection of charts
The compass rose around the VORTAC is oriented to?
Magnetic North
Low approach
VFR/ IFR Approach including go-around w/o contact to runway
What aircraft identification code is used for an Army Helicopter when submitting a DD Form 1801 Flight Plan?
R + last 5 digits of the a/c tail
Purpose of IFR flight plan
The purpose of an IFR Flight plan is to communicate the pilots desires to ATC
Define Instrument flying in helicopters
Control of an a/c spatial position by using instruments rater than outside visual references
What is the basis for helicopter control during instrument flight?
Proper instrument interpretation
What are the three fundamental skills of instrument flying?
Cross-Check
Instrument Interpretation
a/c control
What are the three types of cross-check errors?
Fixation
Omission
Emphasis
An aircraft is flown in instrument flight by controlling ______ and _______, as necessary, to produce desired performance
Attitude
Power
How to break down a METAR can be found in?
FIH Section C
Where would you find informations about FLIP and NOTAM abbreviations?
FIH Section F
What does a B under the airport name in the IFR Supplement mean?
Rotating beacon is available Sunset to Sunrise
What does BLACK or GREEN Citites on your frontpage of your IFR Enroute Low Altitude Chart (ELA) mean?
Black: Major traffic hubs w/ provided Area Charts
Green: City assists in Orientation and map selection
The compass rose of a VOR(TAC) is orientated to?
Magnetic North
You can get Information about national Airspaces and Procedures from which Publication?
Area Planning
On which Publications you can find Information to Instrument Approach Procedures?
Terminal Charts (TLA and TPP)
What is a low Approach?
VFR/ IFR approach including a go-around w/o contact to the Runway
Wind Shear
A change in wind speed and/ or direction in a short distance either vertical or horizontal, resulting in a shearing effect
Control instruments
Flight instruments that display IMMEDIATE attitude and power information that permit PRECISE attitude and power adjustments.
Attitude Indicator
FLI Torque
Performance Instruments
Indicate a/c actual performance
ASI
ALT
IVSI
Compass/ Heading
Instruments for pitch attitude control
Attitude indicator
ASI
ALT
IVSI
Instruments for bank attitude control
Attitude indicator
Heading indicator
Forumla for Standardrate Turn (3° per sec)
Airspeed/ 10 + 0,5* Airspeed /10 =
How much earlier do you level off? (example: 500 ft/min climb)
10% of climb rate (50 ft)
Which are the instruments for controlling a straight and level flight:
Pitch
Bank
Power
Altitude
Heading
Airspeed
ADS-B stands for?
Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
The two main navigation system are?
Space and Ground-Based
What three segments has the Space-Based navigation?
Space
Control
User
How many satellites do you need to yield a three dimensional position?
4
What are the two identification methods for a VOR?
Morse Code or recorded automatic voice identification
How accurate is a VOR ground transmitter?
+- 1°
What are VOR based airways?
Viktor airways
What are GPS based airways?
T (depicted on map) (RNAV) airways
Radio Class Code
HA
< 14.500 AGL out to 40 nm
14.500 - 60.000 AGL out to 100 nm
18.000 - 45.000 AGL out to 130 nm
Radio Class Code
L
SFC - 18.000 AGL out to 40 nm
Radio Class Code
T
SFC - 12.000 AGL out to 25 nm
Radio Class Code
U
Unkown
In order to use GPS for IFR navigation, the GPS equipment must include a ______ database
current
GPS provides the following information for a pilot:
current position
ground speed
course guidance
distance
time to waypoint
When should you changeover your VOR?
Midway between the NAVAIDS
Changeover points
Indication of course change (dogleg)
IFR Cruising altitudes above _______
0 - 179°
180 - 360°
3000 ft AGL
Odd thousands
Even thousands
Where can you read about laser hazards?
IFR Supplements Section C
Define Homing
Flight towards a NAVAID w/o correcting for wind, by adjusting the A/C heading to maintain a relative bearing of zero degrees
Where do we can check for explanation of aviation terms?
General Planning
Define composite Flight plan
A flight plan containing IFR and VFR flight parts
Where can we find information about a Two-Way Radio Failure?
FIH Section A
Where can we find information about flight hazards?
Area Planning
The standard initial wind drift correction to regain a course for airspeeds under 90 kts is _____ degrees; for airspeeds over 90 kts its ______ degrees. First Trial is ______ degrees.
30
20
10
VOR Ground Check Accuracy
+-4°
VOR Airborne Check Accuracy
+- 6°
In which DoD FLIP can we find Informations about Radar minima and IFR Approaches
TLA and TPP
TLA
Terminal Low Altitude
TPP
Terminal Procedures Publication
Where can we find Information about Position Reports?
FIH
ELA
Enroute Low Altitude
Airport Color Codes ELA
Blue
Green
Brown
Approved Instrument Approach Procedures and/ or RADAR MINIMA in either FAA or DOD FLIPS
Approved Instrument Approach Procedures and/ or RADAR MINIMA at least in EHA (Enroute High Altitude)
No published Instrument Approach Procedures or RADAR MINIMA
Airspace
filled
solid blue line
B
Airspace
filled
dashed blue line
C
Airspace
not filled
solid blue line
Mode C Area
Communication Boxes on ELA with shadow
NAVAID and FSS have same name
Communication Boxes
Frequency is underlined
NO Voice transmitted over this frequency
Thin Bearing Pointer
Single-Bar Bearing Pointer
Thick Bearing Pointer
Double-Bar Bearing Pointer
Name the VOR needles
Course Pointer
CDI (Course Deviation Indicator)
To/From Indicator
VOR Airway (“Viktor”)
RNAV Route (GNSS required) “T-Route”
RNAV Helicopter Route, GNSS required
Mileage between other Fixes, NAVAIDS and/or Mileage breakdown
Changeover Point
giving mileage to NAVAIDs
(not shown at midpoint locations)
MOCA
MEA
MEA, MOCA and/ or MAA (Maximum Authorized Altitude) change at other than NAVAIDs
Denotes DME Fix (Distance same as Route mileage)
Denotes DME Fix and mileage
Total Mileage between compulsory Fixes and/ or NAVAIDS
Course Deviation
Localizer
2°
Course Deviation
VOR
10°
Course Deviation
GPS- Enroute
2 NM
Course Deviation
GPS- Terminal Area
1 NM
Course Deviation
GPS-Approach
0,3 NM
