BWS Week 2 Call for Fire Flashcards
What is the doctrinal definition of fire support?
Fire support is a rapid and continuous integration of surface to surface indirect fires, target acquisition, armed aircraft, and other lethal and nonlethal attack/delivery systems that converge against targets across all domains in support of the maneuver commander’s concept of operations.
Name the three components of the fire support system.
Observer, Fires Cell, Firing elements
What is the observer’s primary duty?
The observer primary duty is to accurately locate targets, call for and adjust fire support.
Which type targeting device can give point of origin and impact?
Counterfire Radar
Which component determine how to attack the target
FDC
Tactical Fire Support System Components
Observer, Fire Direction Center, Firing Elements
Fire Support Observers
Air observers (UASs, Recon)
Combat Reports
Observer/ Acquisition Duties
Accurately locate indirect fire targets within zone of observation
Call for and Adjust Indirect Fires
An observer provides surveillance data pertaining to fires effects
Most important part of Target Location
Accurancy
Types of observers
Air and Ground
FA Radar Systems
Point of Origin (POO)
Point of Impact (POI)
Fire Direction Center (FDC)
Brain of the Fire Support Team
Receive calls
Determine HOW to attack
Determin firing data
Send fire order to firing unit
Firing Elements
Receives Data from Fires Cell
Fires the weapon and puts steel on target
Benefits of Attack Helo’s as a delivery asset
Mobility
Firepower
Reaction Time
No observer Requirement
_______ are the Maneuver Commanders most responsive indirect fire resource
Mortars
Field Artillery Systems
Missiles
Rockets
Cannons
Call for fire is ….
a request for fire, not an order
A Warning order has three Sub-Elements
Type of Mission
Size of Element to Fire for Effect
Method of Target Location
Methods of Target Location
Grid (default)
Polar
Shift from Known Point
Characteristics of Fire for Effect
Target location is accurate
Little or no adjustment is required
Characteristics of Adjust Fire
One Round until it hits within 50 m
Will be used when no accurate Target Location is available
Characteristics of Suppression
Inactive Target
usually for preplanned targets
Immediate Suppression/ Smoke
To break contact and relocate and/ or continue your mission
Three Transmissions
Observer ID
Warning Order
Target Location
Target Description
Method of Engagement
Method of Fire and Control
I wont’ let down my men
Methods of Target Location
Grid
Polar Plot
Shift from Known Point
Laser Grid
Laser Polar
Target Description
Size and Shape
Length or Radius
Width
Attitude
Methods of Engagement
Six parts
Type of Adjustment
Trajectory
Ammunition
Distribution
Danger Close
Mark
Danger Close
Mortar and Artillery 600 m
Naval Guns, Tomahawks 750 m
Method of Engagement
Mark
To orient self in his zone of observation.
To indicate targets to ground troops, aircraft or fire support.
Method of Engagement
Two Types of Trajectory
Low Angle: Default without request
High Angle: Terrain prohibits low angle, Remains in effect until cancelled
Method of Engagement
Request Ammunition
In Effect: Different type of ammunition after adjusting phase
Method of Engagement
The observer …
… May Control the pattern of bursts in the target area. This pattern of bursts is called a sheaf.
Method of Engagement
Sheaf
Arty Computer Sheaf - 100 m (default)
Converged Sheaf - Each piece hits same point of ground
Open Sheaf - Each piece impacts centered on target (bursts spaced one effective burst apart)
Special Sheaf - Linear, Rectangular, Circular, Irregular Sheafs
Linear Sheaf dimentions
Length > 200 m
width > 100 m
Method of Control
Fire when Ready (default)
At my command (AMC)
Check Fire
Repeat
Cannot observe
Time on Target (TOT)
Time to Target
Coordinated Illumination
Continuous Illumination
Cease Loading
Continuius Fire
Do not load
Duration
Corrections of Errors
Say Correction, read back whole Item in correct order with corrected position
Message to Observer (MTO)
The observer will acknowledge the MTO by reading back in entirety.
Additional information for Pilots for the MTO
Time of flight
Target Numbers contain
Two letters followed by four numbers
FDC Calls
READY
SHOT OVER
SPLASH OVER
ROUNDS COMPLETE
Spotting Terms
Left, Right
Add, Drop
When must direction be sent to FDC
First subsequent correction during a grid mission
Mils Relation Formula
W = R * mils
Observer Factor
Determine distance from Observer to target to the nearest thousand meters. When the range falls half way between a thousand ( i.e. 1500 meters) round it up or down to the nearest even number.
Than devide by thousand
Hand Measurements
One Finger = 30 mils
Two fingers = 70 mils
Three fingers = 100 mils
Four fingers = 125 mils
Fist = 180 mils
Spread hand = 300 mils
Corrections
Left, right = 10 meter steps, not less than 30 meters
Add, Drop = 100 meter Steps
The fire support team consist of three groups, which are
Observers
Fire Direction
Howitzer/ Launcher
What is the primary duty of the observer?
Accurate Target Location
Which member of the fire support team determines firing data?
Fire Direction Center (FDC)
