Aeromed P2 Flashcards
Medication Use
Only with knowledge of aeromedical provider
Grounded, if not cleared by aeromedical provider
Self medication only with “over the counter meds” (Check Aeromedical Policy Letter [APL])
Anesthesia
48 hours for General, Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia
min. 12 hours for local or regional Anesthesia
Dietary supplements, herbal and dietary aids, performance enhancer
Prohibited, unless cleared IAW with APL
Alcohol
12 hours after last drink AND until no residual effects
Immunizations
w/o Reaction: 12 hours
w/ Reaction: until cleared by aeromedical provider
Chemical Warfare agent simulants
12 hours AND no symptoms AND clothes decontaminated or changed
Contact with nuclear, biological or chemical: Cleared by aeromedical provider
Blood or plasma donation
200 cc (cubic centimeters; why are these guys measuring like this??????): 72 hours
Plasma: 24 hours
Bone marrow: cleared by aeromedical provider
MAX: twice per year
Decompression sickness, barotrauma etc.
Must be cleared by Aeromedical Provider
hypobaric champer below 25.000 ft
Flight below 10.000 ft allowed
Hypobaric chamber above 25.000 ft
24 hours
SCUBA diving
24 hours
Smoking, Tobacco
Disencouraged
Strenous physical activities (i.e. Sport)
check local restrictions (flight commander)
Simulator Sickness
12 hours after symptoms
Centrifugal Runs
min. 6 hours
Ocular medication (Eyes)
24 hours
Stress Definition
Nonspecific response of the body to any demand.
Symptoms of Stress
Physical (Heartrate etc.)
Cognitive (Decrease in Attention or Focus)
Emotional (Anxiety, mood)
Behavorial (Isolation, Motiviation)
Stressors
Psychosocial (Job, Family)
Environmental (Altitude, Speed, Temperature)
Physiological (D.E.A.T.H)
Cognitive (All or nothing, Living in the past)
D.E.A.T.H
Drugs
Exhaustion
Alcohol
Tobacco
Hypoglymica
Stress and Perfomance
Decrease in:
Attention (Lack of “Multi-Tasking”)
Memory (Oversymplifying)
Communication (Stopping or talking nonsense)
Stress Management
Avoiding Stress (Good planning etc.)
Changing Thinking (The world is full of flowers and we are unicorns)
Learning to relax (Crying under the shower does not count)
Ventilating Stress (Basically screaming in your basemant or punching something [NOT me])
Fatique Definition
State of feeling tired, weary or sleepy that results from prolonged mental or physical work extended periods of anxiety, exposure to harsh environments or loss of sleep.
Types of Fatique
Acute (Long Day)
Chronic (Untreated Acute)
Burnout (Untreated Chronic)
Symptoms of Acute Fatique
Inattention
Distractibility
Errors in timing
Neglect of secondary tasks
Loss of accurancy and Control
Lack of awareness of error accumulation
Irritablilty
Symptoms of Chronic Fatique
Insomnia
Depressed mood
Irritability
Weight loss
Poor judgement
Loss of appetite
Slowed reaction time
Poor Motivation or Performance
Effects of Fatique on Performance
Changes in Mood or Social Interaction
Impaired Communications
Diminished Memory
Reaction-Time Changes
Reduced Attention
Prevention of Fatique
Good Food, Excercise and SLEEP
Treatment of Fatique
Acute: Sleep
Chronic: Reduce stressors maybe aeromedical help
Burnout: Leave stress environment, see doctor
Spatial Disorientation Definition
Pilots erroneous perception of position, attitude or motion in relation to the gravitational vertical and the Earths surface
What, where and how of Spatial Disorientation
What: Loss of a/c control
Where: Degraded Visual Environment
How: Spatial Disorientation
Types of Spatial Disorientation
Type 1 Unrecognized (Worst one)
Type 2 Recognized (Pilots knows, but thinks instruments or controls are wrong)
Type 3 Incapacitating (Physically disorientated, can’t regain control)
Spatial Disorientation
Organs
Visual System (80%)
Vestibular System (Semicircular Canals [Roll, Pitch, Yaw] and Otolith organ [Change in Speed])
Somatosensory System (Muscles, bones etc.)
Visual Illusions
To be added for BI
Vestibular Illusions
The Leans
Note: To be honest i don’t know if i understood these ones completely. So be careful with the explanations.
Vestibular Illusions
Graveyard Spiral
Note: To be honest i don’t know if i understood these ones completely. So be careful with the explanations.
Basically the same as “The Leans” but more for fixed wing
Vestibular Illusions
Coriolis Illusion
Note: To be honest i don’t know if i understood these ones completely. So be careful with the explanations.
Headmovement during turns can cause unrelated fluid movements in the semicircular canals; feeling of spinning and tumbling
Most dangerous!
Vestibular Illusions
Post-Roll Illusion
Note: To be honest i don’t know if i understood these ones completely. So be careful with the explanations.
A Pilot incorrectly adds more bank angle because of misperception of the rolling motion.
He thinks he doesnt rolled enough into the turn, because the fluid stops and the feeling of rolling is absent.
Somatogravic Illusions (Otoliths)
G-Excess
Accidential overbank in turns because of headmovement
Body misinterprets the actual range of motion because of the g-Forces
Somatogravic Illusions (Otoliths)
Elevator Illusion
False perception of vertical movement due to G-Forces acting in the stopping phase of Ascends and descents
Middle Ear Discomfort
A feeling of pressure during a climb of descent due to a difference in pressure between middle ear and atmosphere (Eustachien tubes blocked)
Can be solved during climb with chewing or stretching.
Can be solved during descent with chewing, stretching or Valsalva maneuvre.
Hypoxia Definition
State of O² deficiency in the blood cells and tissues significant enough to cause impairment of function
Types of Hypoxia
Hypoxic Hypoxia (not enough O² in air or decreased pressure prevents diffusion)
Hypemic Hypoxia (Reduction in blood’S O²-carrying capacity (i.e. Carbon monoxide), blood loss, anemia, sulfur nitrate)
Stagnant Hypoxia (Unadequate Blood Circulation [i.e. High G’s]) heart attack
Histotoxic Hypoxia (Poisoning, cyanide! Arsenics! Drugs, Tissues can’t use O²)
Stages of Hypoxia
Indifferent
Alt: 0 - 10.000ft
98 - 90% oxygen saturation
@ 4000ft impaired Nightvision
Stages of Hypoxia
Compensatory
Alt: 10.000 - 15.000 ft
89 - 80% oxygen saturation
Drownsiness, poor judgement, impaired coordination and efficiency
faster breathing, higher heartrate
Stages of Hypoxia
Disturbance
Alt: 15.000 - 20.000 ft
79 - 70% oxygen saturation
Impaired flight control, handwriting, speech, vision, intellectual function, judgement, decreased coordination, memory and sensation of pain
Stages of Hypoxia
Critical
Alt: > 20.000 ft
69 -60 % oxygen saturation
Circulatory and central nervous system failure, convulsions, cardiovasular collapse, death
Cures of Hypoxia
Treat with 100% Oxygen
If no O²: Descent below 10.000 ft
Preventions of Hypoxia
Limit time at high altitude
Supplemental Oxygen
Pressurized Oxygen or cabin
Apply corresponding times for Altitudes
Alternobaric Vertigo
Changes in atmossphere can lead to a vestibular dysfunction (Especially when going from high to low pressure [climbing]).
Basically a pressure difference between the ears IN the middle ear, caused by difference in the ability to equalize pressure through the Eustachian tube.
Feeling of Dizziness
Somatogravic Illusion
Acceleration/ Deceleration
Example: Otoliths are moved backwards during a fast acceleration and can imply to the pilot a pitch up movement, so he reacts (incorrectly) with a pitch downward movement
Oculoargravic Illusion
Illusion occurs due to a misperception of movement of a fixed object.
Spatial Disorientation
Countermeasures
Understand the risk factors, anticipate and plan them in preflight
Employ good crew coordination. Encourage transfer of controls when disorientated
Plan mission route and identify DVE or Spatial disorietation places or mission parts
Never fly without an artificial horizon
Don’t fly VFR in IMC
Maintain proficiency in IFR flying
TRUST YOUR INSTRUMENTS
try to recover from SD with a crosscheck of your instruments, IF NOT POSSIBLE: TRANSFER THE CONTROLS!!!
Vection (Induced Motion Illusion)
Falsely perceived motion of onself when no physical motion is actually occuring. Something else moves, and it is perceived as self movement.
Size constancy
Own position or approach is misperceived because you think you know the size of the object. (You maybe think all Lanes on the Stagefields are the same)
Shape Constancy
Mispreception of own position because of sloping of the runway
Fascination (Fixation) in flying
To much focus on one thing (Problem or target) so that you forget to fly the aircraft.
