injurrrryyyy Flashcards
what happens when cells are under stress or increase demand
they adapt
if the adaptive cells are put under to much pressure and can’t adapt what happens
death
lethal
cell death
sublethal
produces injury not amounting to cell death
may be reversible or progress to death
cell becomes larger
hypertrophy
what 8 things cause cell injury
o2 deprivation chemical agent infectious agent immunological reaction genetic defect nutritional imbalance (too much or little) physical agent ageing
infarction
cell death due to icheamia
what does cellular response to injury depend on
type of injury
duration
severity
consequence of injury depend on what
type or status
what 4 intracellular system are vunrerable
cell membrane integrity
atp generation
protein synthesis
integrity of genetic apparatus
what is atrophy
shrinking of cell or organ by loss of substance
brain in dementia
physiological
a process that occurs in normal healthy peop;e
pathological
part of disease process
happens with people with disease
hypertrophy
size of cell increases and so the organ
can be physiologic or pathological
like uterus is normal and valve diorder or hypertension in heart
what causes hypertrophy
increase function or specific hormone simulation
hyperplasia
increase cell number in organ
can be physiological or pathological
phys can be from hormone or compensatory
path due to excessive hormonal or growth factor
what causes phys hyperplasia
last answer,
uterus
after shedding in m then increase by mitosis
path hyperplasia
cancer
metaplasia
reversible change
when one adult cell type is replaced another
can be phys or path
phys metaplasia
columnar changes sqamous in precy
caused by ph of v
path metepalsia
barrett osephagus
sqamous become columnar
caused by acid reflux
reversed by antacids
dysplasia
precancerous cell
show genetic features of malignancy
but do not invade underlying tissue
happens in barretts oesophagus
reversible injury examples
fatty change and cellular swelling
what happens in alcohol liver disease
develop fat in liver
reversible
go away when they stop
ballooning no cytoplasm, swell
what are the 4 necrosis type
coagulative necrosis
liquefactive necrosis
caseous necrosis
fat necrosis
what is coaglutive necrosis
the structure becomes fixed
liquefactive necrosis
tissue becomes liquified
happens in brain commonly
casoues necrosis
cheesy, oozy strcuture less
fat necrosis
happens in acute pancreatis
digestive enzyme become activated in pancrease
they digesst tissue around it, also liquify fat s
it white microscopic as fat binds to calcium
apoptosis
death of individual cell
apoptois vs necrosis
no inflammation in apoptosis
apoptosis
cell forms blobs but cell membrane intact \apoptopic body
macrophages pahgocytocyed
needs lots of atp to mantain cell integrity
necrosis
cell membrane loses integrity, leak enzyme, other death die
so inflammation
causes of apoptosis
embryogenisis
deleion of autoreactive t cells- prevents autiimmune disease
hormone dependent
cell deletion
mild injury irreverisble dna damage so suicide
another progammed cell death
necroptosis
progammed cell death but with inflammation
