1

Question 1

Functions of plasma

Answer 1

Clotting- has vwf and clotting factors
Immune defence- antibodies and compliment proteins
Osmotic pressure maintainance- has albumin
Metabolism- glucose aa and vitamins
Endocrine- many hormones travel in blood to reach target organ
Excretion- cell met waste products e.g urea transported to kidneys

Question 2

Serum vs platelets

Answer 2

Serum is generated by lettting clot for several minutes, depleting the plasma of coagulation factors and trapping cells and platelets with the clot

Question 3

Sodium in plasma

Answer 3

Lots more than blood

Na k pump

Question 4

Convalescent plasma

Answer 4

Trasfer of plasma

Plasma contain immunoglobulin

Question 5

Lifespan of erythrocytes

Answer 5

120 days

Question 6

Erythrocytes function depend on

Answer 6

Integrity of membrane
Hb structure and function
Cellular metabolism

Question 7

Hereditary spherocytocis

Answer 7

Autosomal dominant
Distruption in vertical linkage
Spherocytes r spherical shaped
Round regular outline lack central pallor
Result from loss in membrane without loss in equivalent cytoplasm so cell forced round
Less flexible so removed in spleen by heamolysis

Question 8

Hereditary elliptocytocis

Answer 8

Ellipocytes are elliptical/oval

May be from iron deficiency

Question 9

Hb dissociation depend on what

Answer 9

H+ conc
Co2 in rbc
Structure of Hb
Conc of 2 3 DPG

Question 10

Right shift in Hb dissociation

Answer 10

Easy o2 release 
High co2 
High H+ so low ph 
High 2 3 DPG 
Hbs

Question 11

Left shift of Hb dissociation

Answer 11

Less readily binds to o2

HbF

Question 12

Rbc has highly adapted metabolism why

Answer 12

Need atp for energy requirement
Maintain Hb function
Membrane integrity
Rbc volume

Question 13

G6pd

Answer 13

Enzyme in hmp shunt 
Protects rbc from oxidant damage 
Defiency of g6pd means cells could be vulnerable to oxidant damage 
May cause severe hemolysis when deficient 
Cause irregularly contracted cells 
Smaller than normal 
Lost central pallor 
Hb denatured and forms Heinz bodies

Question 14

2 3 D P G

Answer 14

Produced in rapport luebering shuttle
Allosteic effector
Binds to b globin chain in Hb
Adaptive response to anaemia

Question 15

Required for erythropoisis

Answer 15

Iron folate vb12 entrypoietin

Question 16

Cause of microcytic

Answer 16

Iron defiency
Defect in globin synthesis
A chain defect is a thalessimia
B chain defect is b thalessemia

Question 17

Cause of macrocytic

Answer 17

B12 and folate
Liver disease
Polychromasia
Pregnancy

Question 18

Irons 2 functions

Answer 18

O2 transport in Hb

Mitochondrial protein

Question 19

Where b12 found

Answer 19

Meath

Question 20

Where folate

Answer 20

Green leafy veg

Fruit

Question 21

Sickle

Answer 21

Polymerisation of Hbs 
Less soluble than Hb a 
Caused by mutation. Of b globin gene 
Glutamic acid got valine 
Ga is hydrophilic and charged 
Valine phobic and uncharged

Question 22

O2 bind to iron

Answer 22

Positive cooperation effect increases the affinity for remaining o2