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Extra > hns 2 > Flashcards

hns 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the neck

A

Structural – supports and moves the head

Visceral functions – contains the airway and oesophagus, digestive and respirarty system

Conduit for blood vessels & nerves

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2
Q

whats fascia

A

connective tissue composed of connective fibres, organises body in diffrent comparments
permits spread of infections within compartments

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3
Q

pretracheal fascia function

A

sorounds viscreal components of neck

digestive, repsiraty system

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4
Q

corotid sheath

A

sorounds blood vessels

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5
Q

prevertebral fascia

A

sorounds muscles

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6
Q

what can you find in the pretacheal fascia

A

osephagus, trachea and thyroid

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7
Q

what is within the invetsing fascia

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

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8
Q

what is within the carotid sheath

A

you can see the jungular vein
common coritid artery
vagus nerve

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9
Q

what are the triangles of the neck

A

anterior and posterior triangles

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10
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid muscle do

A

divides teh neck in the two muscles

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11
Q

what muscles surround the posterior triangle

and theclast part

A 
trapezuis muscle (posterior)
sternocleidomastoid (anterior) 
clavicle on the bottom
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12
Q

what does teh anterior triangle contain

A 
muscle 
blood vessels (corotid arteries)
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13
Q

what does the posterior triangle contain

A

Mainly blood vessels and nerves:

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14
Q

what do the external and internal coritid artery supply

A 
external = face
internal = brain
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15
Q

what does teh maxillary division supply

A

the meninges

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of muscles making up the facial muscles

A

orbital
nasal
oral

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17
Q

what are they controlled by

A

cranial nerve 7

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18
Q

what do the orbital muscles control

A

eyelids

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19
Q

aurical muscles control what

A

ear

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20
Q

where does the cranial nerve divide up

A

parotid gland

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21
Q

what joins the mandible and temparol bone

A

TMJ

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22
Q

what are the 2 projection of the mandible

A

condylar process

coronoid process

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23
Q

function of TMJ

A

allowing chewing (mastication)

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24
Q

what are the muscles that control mastication

A

muscle of mastication

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25
Q

what CN are they controlled by

A

CN 5

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26
Q

when the jaw is slighty open, what predominates

A

a hinge action

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27
Q

what happens when the jaw is open fully

A

a hinge and gliding action occur

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28
Q

when the jaw moves forward

A

protrusion

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29
Q

when the mandible moves backwards

A

retraction

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30
Q

up

A

elevation

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31
Q

doen

A

depression

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32
Q

what 2 muscles causes the movement

A

Masseter

Temporalis

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33
Q

what does the Temporalis muscle cause

A

elevates and retracts mandible

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34
Q

Masseter cause

A

elevates mandible (allows forced closure of mouth)

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35
Q

what are teh 2 deeper musces controlling teh mandible

A

lateral and medial pteryoid muscle

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36
Q

what does the lateral pteryoid muscle do

A

attached to sphenoid and mandible

depress and protract madible when opening mouth

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37
Q

medial pm

A

bring elevation and protraction

side to side used for grinding

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38
Q

what does the orbit contain

A

eyeball
muscle moving eye
optic nerve
other nerve and vessel r

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39
Q

what 4 walls make up the orbit

A

roof
floor
lateral
medial

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40
Q

what makes up the roof

A

orbital plate of frontal bone

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41
Q

floor

A

orbitl plate of maxilla

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42
Q

medial

A

ethmoid and lacrimal bone

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43
Q

lateral

A

zygoma

44
Q

what are the 3 fissures in the eye

A

Superior orbital fissure
Inferior orbital fissure
Optic canal

45
Q

what passes through the SOf

A

CN 3, 4 6

46
Q

optic canal

A 
optic nerve (II)
and ophthalmic artery
47
Q

Inferior orbital fissure

A 
maxillary nerve (V2)
 and infraorbital vessels
48
Q

what moves the eye

A

Extraocular muscles

49
Q

what are the 4 rectus/straight muscles

A

Medial
rectus

Lateral
rectus

Inferior
rectus

Superior
rectus

50
Q

what are the 2 oblique msucles

A

superior and inferior oblique

51
Q

what is teh common origin of the rectus muscles

A

Common
tendinous
ring

52
Q

what are they mainly supplied by

A

CN3

53
Q

what is teh exception

A

lateral rectus CN6

54
Q

what muscle moves the eyelid

A

Levator palpebrae

superioris

55
Q

where does the lr move teh eye

A

latreally

56
Q

mr

A

medially

57
Q

ir

A

medially and iferiorly

58
Q

sr

A

superior and medially

59
Q

s oblique

A

down and out

60
Q

io

A

superior and lateraly

61
Q

how to test the lateral rectis

A

ask a person to look laterally

62
Q

mr

A

look toward the nose

63
Q

sr

A

look outwards then upwards

64
Q

ir

A

look outwards then downwards

65
Q

what does adducted mean

A

look towards the nose

66
Q

so test

A

look doen towards your nose

67
Q

io

A

from the last position look up in the corner

68
Q

CN 3 function

A

alter size of pupil

alter thikness lense

69
Q

trigeminal nerves

A

v1 opthalmic division
v2 maxillary
v3 madibular

70
Q

what do the sympathetic

A

pupil dialate

71
Q

what can parasypathetic do by using smooth msucle

A

change thickness of lense

72
Q

Carvernous sinus is important why

A

many structure passing through it

spread of infection through it to the cranial cavity

73
Q

Lacrimal system

A

production movement and drianage of fluid from the eye

74
Q

where is the lacrimal gland located

A

super lateral quadtant, corner of eyelid away from nose

75
Q

where is the fluid drained from

A

the pink part in the corner of the eye

76
Q

the lacrimal receives parasympathetic secretor motor fibres from where

A

CN 7

77
Q

how does excess fluid drained

A

into the nasal cavity via the nasolacrimal duct

78
Q

what are bones that stick out into teh nasal cavity called

A

conchea
superior
middle
inferior

79
Q

what are teh structures inbetween the conchea called

A

meatus
superior ( between the superior and middle concha)
middle inferior

80
Q

what is the function of the conchea

A

increase surface area
warm humidify air
trap pathogen

81
Q

what 3 cranial nerves are innervated in the nasal cavity

A 
Olfactory nerve (I)
Olfaction
Trigeminal nerve (V)
General sensation - V1 – anterior region, V2 – posterior region
Facial nerve (VII)
Glands via parasympathetic fibres
Sympathetic nerves (from T1)
Vascular smooth muscle
82
Q

function of rich blood supply

A

humidify and change tempreture of air

83
Q

what is the arteriole supply by

A

internal carotid artery

external carotid artey

84
Q

risk pf infection from nasal to cranial cavity

A

soem of teh blood vessels that drain the nasal cavity pass through the cavernous sinus into cranial cavity

85
Q

what are the 4 Paranasal sinuses

A

frontal
ethmoid aur cells
spheniod
maxillary

86
Q

function

A 
reduce weight of the skull
act as crumple zone in case of facial trauma 
increase resonance of the voice 
humidify and warm air 
mucous secreating sinuses
87
Q

how do they recieve sensory innervation

A

trigeminal nerve

88
Q

frontal sinuses

A

v1

89
Q

e a s

A

v1 v2

90
Q

sphenoid

A

v1 c2

91
Q

m

A

v2

92
Q

what is the outside of the ear called

A

auricle

93
Q

what is the centre of the ear called

A

concha

94
Q

what is the small flap called

A

tragus

95
Q

purpose of external ear

A

transmit sound to the eardrum

96
Q

what does the tympanic memnrane have and function

A

small bone that trasnmit sound to inner ear

97
Q

what does the middle ear have

A

continous to the nasal cavity

fringo tympanic tube

98
Q

function of the fringo tympanic tube

A

stabilises pressure between middle ear and atmosphere

99
Q

Facial nerve function

A

Motor (large)
Muscles of facial expression, stapedius, digastric (posterior belly), stylohyoid.
Sensory (smaller – intermediate nerve)
Taste (ant 2/3 tongue), parasympathetic (lacrimal glands, mucous glands of nasal cavity, hard and soft palates, sublingual and submandibular glands).
General sensation from external acoustic meatus and deeper parts of auricle.

100
Q

Oculomotor Nerve (CN III) funtction

A

somatic motor function, innervating most of the extra ocular muscles of the eyes; superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique as well as the levator palpebrae superioris muscle which raises the upper eye lid.

Parasympathetic – innervating the sphincter pupillae and the ciliary muscles of the eye constricting the iris/pupil (eg. during the pupillary light reflex)

101
Q

Trochlear Nerve (CN IV) f

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV) has somatic motor function - providing innervation to the superior oblique muscle

102
Q

Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

A

Abducens nerve (CN VI) has somatic motor function - providing innervation to the lateral rectus muscle.

103
Q

Superior branch oculomotor nerve –innervation to

A

Superior rectus – elevates, adducts and medially rotates the eyeball
Levator palpabrae superioris – raises the upper eyelid

104
Q

Inferior branch –innervation to

A

Inferior rectus – depresses adducts laterally rotates the eyeball
Medial rectus – adducts the eyeball
Inferior oblique – elevates, abducts and laterally rotates the eyeball
Parasympathetic fibres that constrict the iris/pupil

105
Q

Trochlear Nerve

A

the superior oblique muscle which depresses and intorts the eye.

106
Q

all 3 nerves

A

pass through the cavernous sinus and then enters the via the superior orbital fissure.

107
Q

Abducens nerve

A

The abducens nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle which abducts the eye.

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