influenza Flashcards
how many types
3: A, B, C
which type if more virulent and occurs more frequently
A
which type presents a milder course of disease but still has potential to cause outbreaks
B
which type causes mild or asymptomatic disease, similar to the common cold
C
which types can be further categorised into subtypes depending on their principle H and N antigens?
A and B
transmission occurs via
droplets, aerosols, or direct contact with respiratory secretions from an infected person
usual incubation period
1-3 days
what does incubation period mean
the period between exposure to an infection and the appearance of the first symptoms
symptoms usually appear suddenly or take a while?
suddenly
symptoms include…
chills
fever
headache
extreme fatigue
myalgia
dry cough
sore throat
nasal congestion
complications - respiratory and non-respiratory
- usually respiratory in nature and may include bronchitis, secondary bacterial pneumonia or otitis media (in children)
- non-respiratory complications rarer and may be cardiac or neurological in nature
influenza is usually self limiting with recovery occurring within how many days?
2-7 days
classifications of influenza (not types!)
uncomplicated
complicated (either needing hospitalisation, having signs or symptoms of LRTI, CNS involvement or exacerbation of an underlying condition)
risk of more serious illness is greater for those in at risk groups….
children under 6 months
pregnant females, including females up to 2 weeks PP
adults over 65
pt with long term conditions e..g respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurological or cardiac disease, DM or morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²), or those with severe immunosuppression)
patients with this BMI are at risk of more serious illness
BMI ≥ 40 kg/m² - morbid obesity
which two antivirals are used for both treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of influenza?
oseltamivir and zanamivir
oseltamivir and zanamivir are used for both treatment and post exposure prophylaxis of influenza. there is evidence that some strains of influenza are more likely to develop resistance to which one of these?
oseltamivir
the risk of developing oseltamivir resistance is considered to be greater for which type ?
A , risk if higher in pt who are severely immunocompromised