Inflammation Flashcards
Appearance of inflammation?
Heat, redness, pain (pressure from oedema), swelling, LOF
Beneficial effects of inflammation?
Dilution of toxins, entry of immune response elements, transport of drugs, delivery of nutrients for neutrophils, fibrin formation
2 types of acute inflammation?
Supparative = pus Membranous = coating of epithelium with fibrin and neutrophils
What is an abscess?
Pus coated in fibrin wall
What is a granuloma?
Central area of infected macrophages surrounded by CD4+ Th1 cells bound to the antigens presented by macrophages
When do granulomas form?
When bacteria resist macrophage digestion. Allows the centre to be cut off from blood supply and cells die through anoxia and lytic enzymes
When is disease caused?
LOF due to inadequate host immune response and inflammation
3 systemic effects of inflammation?
Fever, acute phase response and shock
How does inflammation cause fever?
Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines affect temperature control sites at hypothalamus to generate heat
What is the function of a fever?
Bacteria thrive at lower temperatures and make adaptive more potent
How does inflammation cause acute phase response?
Release of IL-6 engages liver to relate acute phase proteins
Effects of acute phase response on liver?
Opsonisation and complement activation
How does inflammation cause shock?
Haemorrhage or increased vascular permeability and dilation = hypo perfusion of vital organs = circulatory collapse
