Immunology in diagnosis and therapy Flashcards
How are monoclonal antibodies produced?
B cells from mouse immunised with antigen
B cell make polyclonal antibodies
Fuse with myeloma cell = immortal
Grow in drug containing medium and the hybrids will out-live the non-hybrids = selection
Select for antigen specific hybrid and clone
How is immunodeficiency diagnosed?
Ig levels, lymphocyte count
How is immunodeficiency characterised?
Flow cytometry
How is autoimmunity diagnosed?
Physiological dysfunction
Autoantibody detection
How are autoantibodies detected?
ELISA
Add serum containing suspected autoantibody to an antigen
Add secondary antigen that has high affinity to Fc region of autoantibody with enzyme linked
Add substrate and observe change
How are allergies diagnosed?
Control with histamine and saline injection
Injection with suspected allergen and observe
What is the effect of therapeutic monoclonals that have specificity for the anti-TNF’s?
Activate anti-TNFs = inhibit TNF = reduce inflammation
