IAH revision session - TLR

Question 1

How do we know innate immunity is important?

Answer 1

All organisms have it

Question 2

Name a type of innate receptor? general and specific

Answer 2

PRR

TLR4

Question 3

What does TLR4 bind?

Answer 3

LPS - on any gram negative cell

Question 4

How does understanding of PAMPs and PRRs help vaccination?

Answer 4

Understand the mechanism to develop an adjunct that will activate innate immunity in the vaccine which will activate the adaptive = better response

Question 5

What are the most important types of PRR (in terms of location)?

Answer 5

Membrane bound

Question 6

Name 2 important PRRs

Answer 6

TLR, NLR

Question 7

Where are NLR found?

Answer 7

Cytoplasm

Question 8

Why do mice have more TLRs?

Answer 8

Mice live in a different environment so need different immune protection (in dirty environment - encounter different antigens)
Different diet so need different form of immunity
Some may have become redundant so we have lost them through evolution

Question 9

Where are TLR found? How does this relate to function?

Answer 9

In membrane (TLR2/4) or in the cell (TLR3)
Recognise extracellular or intracellular pathogens

Question 10

Name some PAMPs

Answer 10

LPS
Bacterial DNA (different levels of methylation to us)
DsRNA
Peptidoglycans

Question 11

What is the main response when TLR are activated?

Answer 11

Cytokines (pro-inflammatory), chemokine, AMP, antiviral (INF)

Question 12

Key transcription factor when TLR4 is activated?

Answer 12

NF-kB and IRF

Question 13

What do NLR respond to?

Answer 13

Intracellular infection (peptidoglycan)

Question 14

What causes Chrons disease

Answer 14

Mutation of NLR - don’t produce proper levels of AMP = episodic lesions