IAH1

Question 1

Signs and symptoms of gingivitis?

Answer 1

Inflammation, redness, soreness, bleeding on brushing

Question 2

Pathways to inflammation (5)

Answer 2

Chronic infection
autoimmune disease
Hypersensitivity
Metabolism disorder
Immunodeficiency

Question 3

Consequences of inflammation

Answer 3

Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, LOF

Question 4

When does necrotising ulcerative gingivitis occur?

Answer 4

Microbial dysbiosis and impaired host response

Question 5

Sjogren’s disease

a) what kind of disease is it
b) what are the consequences
c) histological appearance

Answer 5

a) autoimmune disease
b) swelling at salivary glands causes destruction = xeriostomia = caries
d) WBC = highly stained at site of inflammation

Question 6

How are gingival fibroblasts stimulated to secrete matrix metalloproteinases?

Answer 6

Plaque bacteria activates macrophages which release pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1) which stimulate MMP production from gingival fibroblasts

Question 7

Function of MMPs?

In chronic state?

Answer 7

Normal cell turnover

Tissue destruction

Question 8

What molecules other than IL-1 stimulate MMP production?

Answer 8

Leptin produced in T2DM (pro-inflammatory state)

Question 9

What evidence suggests MMPs contribute to the cause of periodontitis?

Answer 9

MMP inhibitors used as an adjunct treatment

Question 10

How can you tell if a vaccine has been effective?

Answer 10

Measuring seroconversion - number of antibodies for that antigen

Question 11

List 4 emerging viruses

Answer 11

HIV
Ebola
SARS
Zika

Question 12

List 2 re-emerging viruses?

Answer 12

Measles

TB

Question 13

List 2 eradicated viruses?

Answer 13

Small pox

Polio