Inflammation

Question 1

inflammation

Answer 1

to set on fire

Question 2

goals of inflammation

Answer 2

eliminate initial cause of cell injury, remove necrotic cells and tissue, initiate repair process

Question 3

components of inflammatory process

Answer 3

WBCs and plasma

Question 4

four cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 4

redness, heat, swelling, and pain (+/- loss of function)

Question 5

result from increased amount of blood in affected tissue

Answer 5

redness and heat

Question 6

congestion of tissue due to migration of fluid from vessels and exudation

Answer 6

swelling

Question 7

pressure on nerve endings

Answer 7

Pain

Question 8

little to no tissue destruction, slight vascular response, minimal exudation

Answer 8

mild inflammatory response

Question 9

some tissue damage, visible host reaction

Answer 9

moderate inflammatory response

Question 10

significant tissue damage, abundant exudation

Answer 10

severe inflammatory response

Question 11

extravascular fluid with high protein content

Answer 11

exudate

Question 12

extravascular fluid with low protein content

Answer 12

transudate

Question 13

single area of inflammation

Answer 13

focal

Question 14

many, scattered areas of inflammation

Answer 14

multifocal

Question 15

all tissue within a particular zone is affected

Answer 15

locally extensive

Question 16

involving entire organ or tissue

Answer 16

diffuse

Question 17

acute inflammation

Answer 17

pathogen or wound, several days, repair, protective response, beneficial for host

Question 18

chronic inflammation

Answer 18

persistence of stimulus, long-term infections, deleterious for host, long-term consequences

Question 19

ex. of infections

Answer 19

bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic

Question 20

ex. of tissue necrosis

Answer 20

ischemia, trauma, physical or chemical injury

Question 21

ex. foreign bodies

Answer 21

splinters, dirt, sutures

Question 22

increased blood flow to the tissue

Answer 22

vasodilation

Question 23

chemical process which directs cells to leave the blood and enter tissue

Answer 23

chemotaxis

Question 24

WBCs and RBCs will leave affected vessel in response to chemotaxis and enter tissue

Answer 24

emigration

Question 25

process by which WBCs ingest dead cells, foreign particles, or bacteria

Answer 25

phagocytosis

Question 26

the body controls its "actors" with the lymphatic system and with chemicals called

Answer 26

mediators

Question 27

chemical mediators

Answer 27

histamine, serotonin, and prostaglandin

Question 28

potent vasodilator

Answer 28

prostaglandin

Question 29

cytoplasm is loaded with granules containing mediators of inflammation

Answer 29

mast cells

Question 30

mass containing pus

Answer 30

purulent

Question 31

exudate low in protein, low in cells, no clotting factors

Answer 31

serous

Question 32

exudate contains both serum and blood, thin and watery

Answer 32

serosanguinous

Question 33

exudate cloudy yellow/green fluid containing leukocytes

Answer 33

purulent/suppurative

Question 34

exudate containing protein fibrin and pus

Answer 34

fibrinopurulent

Question 35

exudate contains many RBCs

Answer 35

hemorrhagic

Question 36

exudate contains mucous

Answer 36

catarrhal

Question 37

release of pyrogens which causes body temp to rise

Answer 37

fever

Question 38

inflammatory process consumes more than what the body can manufacture

Answer 38

leukocytosis vs leukopenia

Question 39

presence of bacteria in the blood stream

Answer 39

bacteremia

Question 40

presence of bacteria and its toxins in the blood stream

Answer 40

septicemia

Question 41

presence of toxins within the bloodstream (no bacteria)

Answer 41

toxemia

Question 42

contraction and distortion of an organ

Answer 42

scarring

Question 43

union of opposing bands of inflammatory tissue, 2 bands of tissue that are not normally joined together (may be thin like plastic wrap or thick)

Answer 43

adhesions

Question 44

focal inflammatory lesion in which the tissue reaction primarily consists of chronic inflammatory cells

Answer 44

granulomatous inflammation

Question 45

consists of necrotic core surrounded by zones of chronic inflammatory cells

Answer 45

granuloma

Question 46

inflammatory phase

Answer 46

initial response to injury, 1-4 days post injury, redness, swelling, heat, and pain, platelet and and leukocyte aggravation, exudative

Question 47

proliferative phase

Answer 47

day 4-42, increased rate of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, granulation tissue, gain tensile strength

Question 48

remodeling phase

Answer 48

6 wks-1 year, intermolecular cross-linking of collagen, increased tensile strength, scare flattens

Question 49

tissue undergoes restructuring by cells that belong there

Answer 49

regeneration

Question 50

replacement of destroyed tissue by connective tissue

Answer 50

repair

Question 51

vascular connective tissue (super red, fleshy tissue that forms when a wound is healing)

Answer 51

granulation tissue

Question 52

aka primary wound healing, wound by approximation or wounds created and closed in operating room, clean fresh wounds, wound is treated by irrigation and debridement, treated within 24 hours following injury

Answer 52

healing by first intention

Question 53

aka secondary wound healing, wound left open and allowed to close through epithelialization, no surgical intervention, slower healing

Answer 53

healing by second intention

Question 54

aka tertiary wound healing, managing wounds that are heavily contaminated, not previously treated

Answer 54

healing by third intention

Question 55

wound is superficial, not penetrating entire dermis, seen with first degree burns and abrasions, epithelialization, minimal collagen formation

Answer 55

partial thickness wounds

Question 56

partial thickness dermal wounds

Answer 56

abrasions

Question 57

wounds that penetrate the dermis and deeper tissue

Answer 57

lacerations

Question 58

large section of skin torn from underlying tissue

Answer 58

degloving

Question 59

a wound is considered infected when bacteria count is greater than...

Answer 59

100,000 organisms per gram of tissue

Question 60

burns confined to the dermis, skin appears red

Answer 60

first degree

Question 61

partial thickness dermal injury, discoloration and fluid filled blisters

Answer 61

second-degree burn

Question 62

full thickness dermal injury, leathery and dark

Answer 62

third degree burn

Question 63

beyond dermis and into deeper tissue, may require skin grafts

Answer 63

fourth degree burns

Question 64

develop over bony prominences

Answer 64

decubitus ulcers

Question 65

develop secondary to pressure necrosis of the skin (prolonged periods of bandaging)

Answer 65

pressure sores

Question 66

4 Cs of wound care

Answer 66

cover, clip, clean, copiously lavage

Question 67

bone healing stages

Answer 67

fracture hematoma, fibrocartilaginous callus, bony callus, remodeling