Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

genetic ability of a species to provide defense against a certain pathogens

A

species resistance

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2
Q

body’s first line of defense

A

mechanical: skin
chemical: mucus, sebum, urine, enzymes

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3
Q

what type of barriers does the respiratory system have?

A

mechanical and chemical: coughing and ciliated mucous mambranes

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4
Q

advantages of fever

A

increase metabolism of certain cells, increases phagocytosis, reduction in iron available for iron

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5
Q

disadvantages of fever

A

increased heart rate, dehydration, increased caloric demand, seizures

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6
Q

if skin is broken, pathogens may enter the internal structures and causes disease

A

inflammatory response

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7
Q

WBCs will “gobble up” foreign material

A

phagocytosis

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8
Q

lymphatic system

A

extracellular fluid flowing through lymph vessels and nodes

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9
Q

engulf, kill and breakdown foreign particles

A

macrophages

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10
Q

proteins that are produced in response to viruses, endotoxins, and certain bacteria and activates NK cells

A

interferon

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11
Q

biochemical cascade of 20 proteins which help clear pathogens which binds to invading cells and creates holes

A

complement

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12
Q

produce antibodies, originate and mature in the bone marrow, humoral immunity

A

B-Cells

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13
Q

interact with pathogen directly, formed in bone marrow, matures in thymus, cell-mediated immunity, programmed for self-recognition

A

T-cells

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14
Q

humoral immunity

A

some B-cell clones become plasma cells, some clones become memory cells

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15
Q

crosses placenta to protect fetus, makes up 75-80 % of all immunoglobulins

A

IgG

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16
Q

largest immunoglobulin, 7-10%, activates complement

17
Q

breast milk, mucus, saliva, resists enzymatic digestion, inhibits organisms from adhering to tissues

18
Q

associated with hypersensitivity reactions (allergies)

19
Q

small amount in serum, not really sure what it does

20
Q

occurs as results of genetic factors that influence the developing animal before birth, NK cells and macrophages

A

Innate Immunity

21
Q

occurs after animal is born, may be natural or artificial (vaccines), T and B cells

A

acquired immunity

22
Q

occurs every time an animal is exposed to a pathogen

A

natural immunity

23
Q

occurs from deliberate exposure to a pathogen (vaccines)

A

artificial immunity

24
Q

antibodies are formed in one infected animal and transferred to another animal that is not infected

A

passive immunity

25
animals own immune system encounters a pathogen and produces an immune response
active immunity
26
immunity chart
immunity =adaptive and innate adaptive =natural and artificial natural = passive (maternal, active (infection artificial= passive (antibody transfer) and active (immunization)
27
an immunogen is a
vaccine
28
insoluble aluminum salts increase immune system and antibody levels
adjuvants
29
even normal cells can provoke the formation of autoantibodies which can destroy normal tissue
autoimmune reaction
30
adverse response by the body to an antigen causing tissue damage
hypersensitivity
31
immediate hypersensitivity, maybe minor and local or severe and generalized mast cells produce histamine and heparin
type 1 (anaphylactic)
32
occurs when antibody binds to antigen present on surface of cells, may result in cell lysis and phagocytosis
type 2 (cytotoxic)
33
antigen antibody complexes released into tissues to cause acute inflammation (joints, skin, kidneys, lungs and brain)
type 3 (immune complex)
34
takes more than 12 hours to develop, lesions commonly occur when antigen contacts the skin
type 4 (cell-mediated immune response)
35
3 major components to prevent disease
husbandry, vaccinations or prevention, and sanitation