Digestive system Flashcards
1
Q
gingivitis
A
reversible inflammation of the gingiva and structures involved
2
Q
periodontitis
A
irreversible inflammation of the periodontal ligament and bone destruction
3
Q
gingival hyperplasia
A
result of chronic gingivitis (overgrowth of the gums)
4
Q
gingivitis can lead to…
A
early periodontal disease and tooth loss will occur
5
Q
periodontal disease can lead to…
A
kidney, liver, and heart disease
6
Q
clinical signs of periodontal disease
A
halitosis, anorexia, pawing at mouth, salivation, tooth loss, sneezing, head shyness, oral pain, irritability, head swelling
7
Q
Tx periodontal disease
A
dental cleaning, antibiotics
8
Q
prevention of periodontal disease
A
good oral hygiene, weekly brushing, dental chews, annual dental cleanings
9
Q
stomatitis in cats
A
chronic, inflammatory, suspected immune-mediated hypersensitivity to oral plaque
10
Q
Tx stomatitis
A
reducing plaque, immune system suppression, reducing allergenic stimulation (full mouth extractions)
11
Q
what is mucocele?
A
excess accumulation of saliva in SQ tissue surrounding a salivary gland
12
Q
signalment of mucocele
A
GSD, poodles
13
Q
etiology of mucocele
A
idiopathic
14
Q
clinical signs for mucocele
A
large, painless swelling over salivary gland, dysphagia, dyspnea, blood-tinged saliva
15
Q
Tx mucocele
A
aspiration of fluid, Sx drainage
16
Q
malignant melanoma
A
appear as dome shaped black/brown lesions
17
Q
squamous cell carcinoma
A
ulcerative, erosive lesions
18
Q
papillomas
A
pale colored, cauliflower like growths
19
Q
epulides
A
occur in gingiva near incisors
20
Q
signalment for oral neoplasia
A
older dogs and cats
21
Q
clinical signs of oral neoplasia
A
halitosis, hypersalivation, tooth loss, oral pain
22
Q
Dx oral neoplasia
A
Bx, rule out metastasis
23
Q
Tx oral neoplasia
A
wide excision, chemo, radiation, nutrition
24
Q
prognosis of oral neoplasia
A
malignant: poor
benign: good
25
esophageal disease
megaesophagus, esophagitis, esophageal obstruction
26
esophagitis
inflammation of esophagus
27
etiology of esophagitis
physical trauma, gastroesophageal reflux, dry pilling
28
gastroesophageal reflux
reflux of gastric fluid into esophagus
29
clinical signs esophagitis
anorexia, dysphagia, excessive salivation, regurgitation
30
Dx esophagitis
endoscopy
31
Tx esophagitis
irritant substance: DILUTION
GER: dietary change, sucralfate, antacids
32
esophageal obstruction signalment
dogs more than cats
33
etiology of esophageal obstruction
bones, sticks, balls, toys
34
esophageal obstruction clinical signs
retching, exaggerated swallowing, anorexia, dysphagia
35
Dx esophageal obstruction
radiology, endoscopy
36
Tx esophageal obstruction
removal
37
etiology of gastroenteritis
acute dietary changes, infections, food allergies, toxins, foreign substances
38
clinical signs of gastroenteritis
anorexia, vomiting, dehydration, pain in cranial abdomen
39
Dx gastroenteritis
Hx diet changes, rads, CBC
40
Tx gastroenteritis
NPO 24-48 hrs, antiemetics, antibiotics
41
immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
accumulation of inflammatory cells within lining of stomach and small intestines or large intestines
42
signalment of IBD
cats more than dogs
43
etiology of IBD
idiopathic
44
clinical signs of IBD
chronic vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss
45
Dx IBD
food trial, blood tests, intestinal Bx
46
Tx of IBD
dietary mod, antibiotics, immunosuppression therapy
47
etiology gastric ulcerations
NSAIDS, renal failure
48
signalment gastric ulcerations
any animal
49
clinical signs of gastric ulcerations
vomiting, anorexia, anemia, abdominal pain
50
Dx gastric ulcerations
endoscopy
51
Tx gastric ulcerations
treat dehydration, sucralfate, antacids
52
gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV)
rapidly progressive, life threatening condition of dogs
53
etiology of GDV
a large meal +/- exercise causes stomach to dilate with food and gas, stomach flips known as volvulus
54
side effects of GDV
inadequate blood flow from heart to abdomen, loss of blood flow to lining of stomach, rupture of stomach wall, pressure on diaphragm prevents lungs from expanding, leads to shock
55
signs of shock
weakness, collapse, dullness, depression, loss of consciousness, pale mouth, lips and eyelids, cooling of skin, rapid but weak pulse, rapid breathing, fixed stare
56
clinical signs of GDV
anxious look, standing or stretching, drooling, distended abdomen, retching without product, collapse, recumbency, shock
57
secondary complications of GDV
hypoxia, cardiac arrhythmias, sloughing, toxins may increase, sepsis
58
Dx GDV
physical exam, abdominal rads (double bubble), CBC, CHEM, AU, ECG
59
Tx GDV
STABILIZATION: 2 IVs with shock dose IVF (crystalloids) 90 mg/kg
DECOMPRESSION: stomach tube, 18 g needle/catheter
SX INTERVENTION: gastropexy
60
Sx for GDV
de-rotation of stomach, partial removal of stomach or spleen if necessary, gastropexy
61
GDV prevention
gastropexy, feeding smaller meals, restrict exercise after eating
62
signalment for GI neoplasia
dogs: 6-9 yr
cats: 10-12 yr
63
etiology for GI neoplasia
have not been identified
64
most common neoplasia in dogs
adenocarcinoma
65
most common neoplasia in cats
lymphoma
66
adenocarcinomas typically metastasize to
lymph nodes, lungs and liver
67
2 types of feline lymphoma
a low-grade kind and more aggressive kind
68
clinical signs of GI neoplasia
vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weightloss
69
Dx GI neoplasia
contrast rads, ultrasound, endoscopy, laparotomy, Bx, hypercalcemia
70
Tx GI neoplasia
Sx od tumor, chemo
71
Px GI neoplasia
long term use of chemo makes PX poor
72
allergic reactions are most commonly associated with
protein sources
73
The most common causes of food, allergies/intolerance in dogs are
Beef, milk, products, and wheat
74
most common causes of food, allergies and food intolerance in cats are
Beef, milk, products, and fish
75
etiologies of dietary intolerance
unknown inflammation infection surgery medication
76
signalment for dietary intolerance
Dogs: west, highland, white terriers, cocker spaniels, and Irish setters
cats: Siamese
77
Tx dietary intolerance
strict feeding trial for at least six weeks
78
acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome
an acute disorder characterized by vomiting and bloody diarrhea, occurring suddenly with no warning
79
clinical signs of AHDS
painful, abdomen, decreased appetite, lethargy fatigue, fever
80
intussusception
condition, which one segment of the intestine telescopes into the lumen of an adjacent segment of intestine
81
causes of intussusception
intestinal, parasites, protozoal, or bacterial, foreign bodies, abrupt, dietary changes, intestinal masses, surgical procedure on intestines, increased motility intestibes
82
clinical signs of intussusception
episodes of diarrhea or vomiting, small volumes of bloody, diarrhea, abdominal pain, or palpable abdominal mass
83
diagnosis of intussusception
rads will show pattern of intestinal obstruction with gas, barium contrast study, ultrasound, exam
84
Tx intussuscep
surgical correction, intestinal resection
85
megacolon
distention and lack of motility of the colon maybe congenital or acquired
86
etiology of megacolon
idiopathic/congenital pelvic injury chronic constipation
87
signalment for mega
cats 5 to 9 years old
88
clinical signs of megacolon
Abdominal discomfort, decreased appetite, lethargy, tenesmus
89
Dx megacolon
physical exam, rads reveal full colon
90
Tx megacolon
med management, IVF, enemas, lactulose, cispride, dietary change
91
Px megacolon
good
92
perianal fistula
infection of perianal region there are 1 of more draining tracts present
93
Signalment for perianal fistula
GSD, intact dogs iver 7
94
Tx of perianal fistula
ointments, topical tacrolimus, hyperallergic diet, cryotherapy, antibiotics
95
cholangitis
most common acquired inflammatory liver disease in domestic cats (rare in dogs)
96
clinical signs of cholangitis
anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, PU/PD, fever, abd pain
97
Dx cholangitis
CBC/CHEM/UA, ultrasound
98
Tx cholangitis
hospitalization, IVF, anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, antiemetics
99
feline hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver)
excessive accumulation of lipids in the liver, which interfere with normal function
100
etiology of FHL
over conditioned cats, pancreatitis, IBD, moving to a new house
101
clinical signs of FHL
anorexia, weight loss, jaundice
102
Dx FHL
CBC/CHEM reveal elevated ALT, ALKP, T. bili
103
Tx FHL
hosp. with IVF 7-10 days, nutritional support
104
portosystemic shunt
Abnormal connection, persists, or forms between to portal vein or one of its branches in another van, allowing blood to bypass or shunt around the liver
105
what causes portosystemic shunt?
birth defect, multiple small shunts
106
clinical signs of portosystemic shunt
stunted growth, poor muscle development, abnormal behaviors, PU/PD, vomiting, and diarrhea
107
signalment for portosystemic shunt
Yorkshire terriers old English sheep dogs, Irish wolfhounds beagles, cairn terriers
108
Dx portosystemic shunt
CBC/CHEM, bile acids test, imaging
109
Tx for portosystemic shunt
special diets and medications, fluids, blood sugar stabilization, lactulose, antibiotics
110
functions of pancreas
small light, pink, glandular, organ, nestled under the stomach, produces enzymes we used to digest our food
111
enzymes for food digestion
Amylase to digest starches, lipase to digest fats, and trypsin to digest proteins
112
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
caused by insufficient synthesis and secretion of digestive enzymes by the exocrine portion of the
113
signalmeng of EPI
GSD, rough coated collies, eurasians
114
clinical signs of EPI
polyphagia, weight loss, diarrhea, feces pale and loose
115
Tx EPI
supplement with pancreatic enzymes, cobalamine supplement, low fat diet
116
pancreatitis
inflammation if pancreas due to activation of enzymes within the fland causing it to digest itself
117
signalment of pancreatitis
dogs and cats, middle aged to older female dogs, poodles, cockers, minu schnauzer
118
etiology of pancreatitis
obesity, elevated lipids in blood, fatty meal, steroids
119
clinical signs of pancreatitis
vomiting, anorexia, depression, dehydration, diarrhea, abd pain
120
Dx of pancreatitis
CBC/CHEM (luekocytes elevated amylase/lipase)
121
Tx pancreatitis
hospitalization, IV fluids, meds, low fat diet
122
Px pancreatitis
life threatening condition so Px is poor
