Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Revision > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of mild community acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Treatment of mod community acquired pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment of severe community acquired pneumonia

A

Co amoxiclav + clarithromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Treatment of pneumocystis carinii

A

Co-trimoxazole

- trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TB regimen

A

2 month s- RIPE
4 months - RI

R- rifampicin Isoniazid pyrazinamide ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Treatment of aspiration pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin + metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of meningitis in a GP clinic

A

IV or IM benzylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Meningitis tx in hospital

A

Ceftriaxone

If >60 yrs - IV ceftroaxone + amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment of listeria meningitis

A

Ceftriazxoen + ampicillin + gentamicin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Meningitis prophylaxis for contacts

A

Cipro = preferred
Or
Rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment on uncomplicated lower UTI in a non pregnant person

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vulvovaginal candidiasis treatment

A

Clotrimazole or fluconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of trichomoniasis vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Treatment of cervicitis - chlamydial

A

Chlamydial - doxy 100mg BID fro 7 days

Other

Azithromycin 1g PO
+500mg PO OD for 2 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cervicitis tx - gonorrhoeal

A

Ceftriaxone 1g IM single dose

Or
Cipro 500mg PO - single dose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symphilis treatment

A

Penicillin G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Treatment of genital herpes

A

Acyclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Salmonella/shigella/campylobacter

treatment

A

Erythromycin or azithromycin or clarithromycin

Or
Cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pseudomembranous colitis

Treatment

A

Oral metronidazole - 1st line

Vancomycin if severe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Acute otitis media treatment

A

Amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Treatment URTI

Pharyngitis/tonsillitis/laryngitis

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cellulitis / mastitis/ diabetic foot

treatment

A

Flucloxacillin - 1st line

If allergic - clarithromycin , (erythromycin if pregnant) or clindamycin

If MRSA - vancomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Septic arthritis / osteomyelitis

Treatment

A

Flucloxacillin + sodium fusidate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Scabies treatment
5% permethrin
26
Toxoplasmosis treatment
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
27
Brucellosis - mode of transmission - incubation perio d - organism - areas
Bacteria brucellosis 5-30 day incubation period Inhalation - main mode of transmission ( others : skin/mucous membrane , consumption - untreated mil/dairy , raw meat/liver) Areas that have high exposure to animals - Nigeria, s.America , Middle East, centra + south east Asia, Africa
28
Brucellosis | -symptoms
Can be asymptomatic Fever, arthralgia, malaise, back pain , headache , confiscation , abdominal laundry Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly Epididymis-or hit is , skin rash
29
Diagnosis of brucellosis - initial & gold standard | Treatment
Rose Bengal test or serum agglutination gold - isolation of brucella soo from specimen Tx - doxycycline + rifampin - 6 weeks
30
Important association of streptococcal pneumonia
Herpes labialis
31
Erythema multiforme seen in which pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumonia
32
Pneumonia common in IV drug abusers and elderly
Staph aureus
33
Klebsiella commonly affects what part of lungs
Upper lobes - cavitation pneumonia
34
Pneumonia after flu think -
Staph aureus
35
Pneumonia after hx of exposure to water
Legionella
36
HIV isa risk factor for what types of pneumonia
Jirovecii/ Carinii - CD4 <200 Or Streptococcal
37
Caseating granuloma in LNS Sx of fever + cough Diagnosis
TB lymphadenitis
38
Causes of non caseating granulomas
Sarcoidosis | Chronic disease
39
``` Linear tracks (burrows) + severe itching Dx? Organism Mechanism of itching Mode of transmission Treatment ```
``` Scabies Sarcoptes scabiei - parasite Permethrin 5%, NS line - malathion .5% MOT - skin-skin contact Itching - allergic reaction ```
40
Glandular fever/ infectious mono Causative organism Presentation
EBV aka human herpesvirus 4(HHV-4) Sore throat , exudative tonsillar enlargement, fever, lymphadenopathy +-Splenomegaly, palatial petechiae, jaundice *imp hint = receiving ampicillin/amoxicillin leads to pruritic maculopapular rash *******
41
Infectious mono Investigation Dx Treatment
FBC - raised ESR WBC , lymphocytosis - atypical lymphocytes >20% Dx - heterophil antibody test - mono spot test - Paul funnel Treatment - supportive
42
Risk factors for TB
Homeless Drug abuser Smoker Low SE class
43
1st line investigation for TB
Sputum - AFB If no sputum on cough. - bronchalveolar lavage ^ if refused by patient - gastric lavage
44
When and how is screening for contacts done in TB
Latent (NOT acute ) TB Mantoux test - if they have not had BCG vaccine before Interferon gamma test — if they’ve been vaccinated
45
Directly -observed therapy in TB
``` For underserved patients Homeless, imprisonments Drug/alcohol misuse Non adherent to throat Too ill to adhere to rtherapy ```
46
Known/suspected TB patients should be __
Isolated in negative pressure room
47
Chronic cough Tender firm palpable LNS Erythema nodosum
TB
48
When are gastroenteritis patients safe to return to work in the UK
48 hrs after last episode of vomiting/diarrhoea
49
Delayed complication of bacterial meningitis
Hearing loss ** arrange hearing test after treating meningitis!
50
Kaposi sarcoma Features Commonest sites
Cancer of connective tissue Red/purple/brown/black nodules or papules that are usually non painful Sites- mouth nose throat ( can also grow internally - lungs GIT)
51
RFs kaposi
Homosexual / bisexual AIDS patient Jewish/ Mediterranean
52
Chicken pox - organism - MOT - infectivity
Varicella zoster Mainly airborne but can also be transmitted via direct contact with vesicles (once dried and crusted - no transmission) Infectivity - 4 days before rash , 5 days after rash
53
Chicken pox presentation
Fever Itchy rash - macula s > papules> vesicles> dry crust - starts on face - spreads to chest and back
54
When can a child w/ chicken pox return to school
After vesicles are dry and crusted = 5 days after onset of rash
55
Chickenpox management
<12 - reassure + supportive | If superimposed bacterial infection - discharging pustules, pinkish fluid secreted +_ high fever = oral antibiotics
56
When to give VZIG? (3)
- immunocompromised puts w/ exposure - pregnant w/ exposure and no VZ antibodies - newborns with pericardium exposure
57
When should oral acyclovir be given (2)
Immunocompromised patients who develop chicken pox | Pregnant woman who develops chickenpox
58
Lyme disease - Lymeborreliosis
Hx of camping/ walking in gardens/jungles Erythema migrans +- fever headache myalgia general aches & pains Later on - facial paralysis, meningitis, AV heart block, myocarditis, arthritis Annular rash with scaly edges, slow growing with associated
59
Most likely diagnostic investigation for meningitis W/o rash W/ rash * for the exam
W/ -blood culture | W/o rash - LP - CSF analysis
60
Contraindications of LP
``` Raised ICP Bulging tense fontanelle Ongoing seizure GCS <9 or drop of >= 3 Unequal dilated unresponsive pupils Papilloedema ```
61
What should be done once there is clinical suspicion of meningitis
Notify local health protection team immediately
62
Septicaemia v meningitis
Septicaemia (n.meningitidis) - arthralgia, muscle aches, cold periphery, pale/mottled skin SOB, rash Meningitis - photophobia , severe headache, neck stiffness
63
Malaria vs schistosomiasis
Schistosoma can’t have hepatomegaly and hematuria at the same time Mansoni - affects intestines + liver - hepatomegaly Hematobium - urinary bladder - hematuria, UB calcification, obstructive uropathy Malaria can have both at the same time
64
Needle stick injury - management
1-rinse under running water, wash with soap Request patients permission to investigate HIV HCV HBV For pricked health care professional - -if patient low risk ; test affected HCP for Hep B surface antibody -pt high risk - start post exposure prophylaxis for affected HCP -offer hep B booster if not received previously or can’t remember when last received Return in 6 weeks to be tested for HIV HCV
65
Risk of transmission post needle prick HIV HBV HCV
HIV - .3% HBV - up tp 30% HCV - 3%
66
Treatment of suspected meningitis with hypersensitivity to penicillin/cephalosporin
Chloramphenicol
67
Listeria meningitis - treatment
Ceftriaxone + ampicillin + gentamicin
68
Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis
Amphotericin B
69
What vaccines should not be given to HIV positive patients
BCG Yellow fever vaccine If CD4 <200 cells/ml - avoid MMR <750 in children - avoid MMR
70
Tetanus prophylaxis
High risk wound - dirty contaminated / compound fracture - not fully immunised - give immunoglobulin - fully immunised - no need. Low risk - no need Fully immunised/up2date (5 doses) - don’t vaccinate unless >10 years ago and wound is tetanus prone - give booster Unknown/incomplete - complete course of tetanus vaccine
71
Course of tetanus vaccine
Adults -3 doses 1 month apart, 1st booster after 10yrs , 2nd booster after another 10yrs. Children - 3 doses 1 month apart, 1st booster after 3 years, 2nd booster 10 years after 1st.
72
Tetanus prone wound
Animal bites - strays that dig in soil Puncture injuries in contaminated area Compound frx Wound with foreign body
73
High risk tetanus prone wound
Wounds heavily contaminated with soil | Extensive wounds/burns
74
Vaccination unison tetanus | How do you manage
Clean - vaccine Tetanus prone - vaccine + Ig High risk - vaccine+ig
75
Mumps (paramyxovirus) - MOT - commonly affects - causes the following - symptoms
Saliva droplets - close contact Affects salivary glands - mostly parotid Causes - bilateral parotitis , orchitis Symptoms - fever dry mouth , difficulty opening mouth - orchitis = 4-5 days after parotitis but not always
76
Treatment of mumps
Reassurance | Supportive treatment - paracetamol, ibuprofen
77
When is HBsAg +ve ?
During acute + chronic infection
78
HBsAg +ve HBeAg +ve What does this mean?
Highly infectious - active viral replication | eAger to spread
79
What does Anti -HBe indicate?
Response to treatment
80
Anti-HBs +ve. =
Post vaccination
81
What antibodies are +ve at onset and remain +ve even after treatment
Anti-HBc | Indicates past or ongoing infection
82
First marker to be abnormal in Hep B
HBsAg - acute /chronic infection
83
High infectivity in Hep B indicated in
HBeAg
84
Recent vaccination in Hep B shown by
Anti -HBs
85
Past infection of Hep B indicated by
Anti-HBc
86
IgM anti-HBc indicates
Recent ACUTE infection
87
Single non painful genital ulcer | Dx?
Syphilis - chancre
88
Multiple painful genital ulcers +- dysuria and flu like symptoms Dx? Tx?
HSV genital herpes Acyclovir *ulcer start off as vesicles
89
Single painful ulcer on genitals | Dx?
Hemophilia Ducreyi - chancroid * can be multiple but should start as single chancre
90
Multiple painless cauliflower growths | Dx?
HPV 6,11 genital warts
91
Haemophilus Ducreyi vs HSV genital herpes
HSV - vesicles > ulcers - painful (multiple) | HD - inflamed patches > ulcers (single or multiple)
92
Hx of travel to Far East Asia + fever, headache retro-orbital pain, rash , myalgia Tender cervical lymphadenopathy Dx?
Dengue fever
93
Tx of travel to India + flu like symptoms Enlarged anterion LN s Grey membranes on tonsils
Diphtheria
94
Hx of travel to South America + sever headache + patient in crouching position
Typhoid
95
High fever + watery diarrhoea + headache + myalgia Later followed by bloody diarrhoea Organism responsible? Treatment
Campylobacter jejuni 1- macrolides - erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin 2-cipro
96
Red eyes followed by yellow eyes afte hx o travel and water exposure + fever, rigours, malaise , arthralgia, myalgia Dx? Investigations What is done to confirm the dx?
Leptospirosis - blood & urine C&S Confirm - serology Organism detectable in blood first 7-10 day s In uterine 7-30 days
97
Test for definitive diagnosis of malaria
Think + thick blood film for microscopy
98
Organism responsible for travellers diarrhoea
E.coli | Diarrhoea - 72 hrs (short period & self limited )
99
``` Watery diarrhoea + weight loss + abdominal pain Doul smelling flatulence, bloating Dx? 1st line investigation 1st line treatment ```
Giardiasis - stool microscopy - ova parasite - metronidazole + hygiene
100
HIV Post exposure prophylaxis
Anti retro viral meds ASAP after exposure to high risk 1-72 hrs after exposure 1st line - Truvada & Raltegravir - 28 days F/u HIV testing - 8-12 weeks after exposure All human bites - treat coamoxiclav PO 7 days if allergic - metro +doxy
101
When can you reassure the contact person of HIV
Antiretrovirals >= 6 months | And HIV viral load <200
102
Shingles in immunocompromised individual Next step Management
Obtain serology for varicella immunity - if +ve (immune) - reassure - if -ve (not immune) - give VZIG
103
Shingles treatment
Acyclovir
104
Ramsay hunt syndrome Symptoms Treatment
Herpes zoster Oticus - facial nerve palsy - ipsitalateral, loss of taste ant 2/3 - otalgia - st symptom - tinnitus, vertigo, UHL T - oral acyclovir r+ corticosteroids +amitriptyline
105
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus Symptoms treatment
In ophtlamic branch of trigeminal Conjunctivitis keratitis painful vesicles around eye Acyclovir
106
Annular rash w/ scaly edges on thigh + genera pains and aches Likely Dx? Appropriate investigation 1st line treatment
Lyme disease - antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi 1st line treatment - Doxycycline (if pregnancy - amoxicillin)
107
Cerebral toxoplasmosis - symptoms - causative organism - reactivation
Raised ICP - headache eye pain seizures, focal neurological deficits, confusion Visual hallucination, facial weakness Org- toxoplasma Gondi (lives and reproduces in cat guts) Reactivate din HIV (CD4<100)
108
Imaging for cerebral toxoplasmosis | Treatment
MRI w/ contrast brain - Ring enhancing lesions | Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine
109
Anti malarial treatment
Latent phase/ dormant - primaquine (ovals/vivax) Ovale/vivax ^ = ring form plasmodium w/ schuffners dots in RBCS / latent hypnozoites in liver Non falciparum/ non hypnozoite malaria - chloroquine (targets active stage) - if fails - quinine Pregnant - mefloquine
110
Contraindication of primaquine
G6PD | Pregnancy, breastfeeding
111
Neutropenia sepsis (febrile neutropenia)
Neutrophils <= 0.5x10^9 Fever >= 38.5 or x2 seen above >38 Usually happens after chemo or within 1 year from BM transplant
112
Management of neutropenia sepsis
IV ABx - empirical - start immediate;lay = IV Tazocin ( taco act am + piperacillin) If still febrile after 48 h r- try meropenem +- vanco If after 4-6 days still unwell - investigate a fungal infection - IV antifungal
113
Treatment of leptospirosis
Usually mild and self limited Mild - oral doxy Severe - ampicillin or benzyl penicillin
114
Doxycycline used to treat (3)
Leptospirosis Lyme disease Chlamydial cervicitis CI in pregnancy - amoxicillin instead
115
Necrotising fasciitis Risk factors Symptoms
IM or SC drug injections / DM / immunosuppression Initially resembles cellulitis with no response to flucloxacillin - then bullseye > grey/black sin - septic shock Very severe pain out of proportion to physical signs
116
Treatment of necrotising fasciitis
Urgent surgical debris event | IV antibiotics - clindamycin/ benzyl penicillin
117
Necrotising fasciitis vs erysipelas
Erysipelas - well demarcated | NF - diffuse and deep
118
Cerebral malaria vs meningitis
Anemia points more towards cerebral malaria
119
ABx prophylaxis in HIV
CD4 < 200 - cotrimoxazole (against P.J) | CD4 < 50 - azithromycin ( mycobacterium avium )
120
Red flags for sepsis (6)
``` SBP <9- HR >130 RR >= 25 UO < .5ml/kg/hr Lactate >= 2 mmol/l Recent chemo ```
121
Whipples disease - organism - common in - features
Tropheryma Whippelii - Rare multisystem disease HLA B 27 +ve & middle aged men ``` Malabsorption* - diarrhoea + weight loss Large joint arthralgia, lymphadenopathy Pleurisy, pericarditis Neuro - o.plegia, dementia , ataxia , seizures Hyperpigmentation + photosensitive ```
122
Whipples disease Investigation Treatment
Jejunal biopsy - stunted villi + macrophage deposition containing PAS (periodic acid -Schaffer) granules ****** diagnostic Guidelines vary : oral cotrimoxazole 1 year - lowest relapse rat e - sometime preceded by IV penicillin
123
Whipples disease vs celiac disease
Jejunal biopsy - WD = macrophages with PAS granules CD - villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia , lymphocytosis
124
Patient with known celiac disease - duodenal biopsy shows lymphomatous infiltrates
- Lymphoma T cell lymphoma is a rare complication of celiac disease
125
Most common organism causing mastitis
S.aureus
126
Safe antidepressant in breastfeeding
Sertraline | - also SSRi of choice in hx of MI
127
HCV antibody indicates
If patient has ever been exposed to HCV
128
HCV RNA suggests
Current Hep C infection
129
Anti-TB drug avoided in pregnancy
Streptomycin
130
Side effects of isoniazid
INH = peripheral neuritis , hepatitis , SLE | - give vit B6
131
Side effects of rifampin
Red orange urine | P450 induction
132
Side effects of pyrazinamide
Raises uric acid - gout
133
Side effects of ethambutol
Eye problems - red green discrimination Optic neuritis and decreased visual acuity
134
Side effects of streptomycin
CI in pregnancy | Ototoxic
135
Travellers diarrhoea | Salmonella vs shigella
Both are main causes Treatment Cipro 1st for salmonella Shigella - macrolides , cipro
136
Treatment of oral thrush
Oral fluconazole 50mg OD - 7 days or fluconazole oral suspension If infection is mild and localised - miconazole gel 1st line
137
Most likely involved organ in infectious mono
Spleen
138
Investigation of HSV
1st line. - NAAT testing Other - viral culture + DNA PCR If negative or recurrent - anti HSV antibody
139
Investigation of syphilis
Penile ulcer present - dark field microscopy in GU clinic PCR in GP clinic If penile/mouth ulcer both healed - Serology for syphilis
140
Fibrin web in CSF
TB meningitis
141
Turbid or cloudy CSF on LP
Bacterial meningitis
142
Neisseria meningitidis vs strept meningitis
Turbid CSF ONLY - strept Turbid CSF + rash - n.meningitis
143
Classification of osteomyelitis
Haematogenous | Non hematogenous
144
Haematogenous osteomyelitis - cause - common in - what the most common form in adults - RFs
``` Haematogenous - - bacteremia, usually monomicrobial Most common form in children Vertebral most common site in adults RFs - SCA, IV drug user, immuno suppression , infective endocarditis ```
145
Non - haemotogenous - cause - common in RFs
From contiguous spread from adj soft tissue Polymicrobial RF - diabetic foot ulcers, pressure sores, DM , PAD
146
Most common organism causing osteomyelitis
Staph aureus Except SCA - salmonella
147
Investigation of choice in osteomyelitis
MRI | 90-100% sensitivity
148
Antibiotics that can cause pseudomembranous colitis
``` Clindamycin Amoxicillin Ampicillin Co-amoxiclav Cephalosporin Quinolones - cipro ```
149
Investigation of p.colitis | Treatment
CDT toxin in stool Tx - 1 -oral metronidazole 2- oral vancomycin * c.difficile can easily spread to others
150
Hep C work up
Initial test - HCV antibody To confirm active infection - HCV RNA PCR - if negative - repeat in 6 months If hep C confirmed to pick antiviral regimen - HCV genotype test

Revision (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions