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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q 
Musculo-cutaneous nerve
Nerve root
Motor supply
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5- C7
Elbow flexion - biceps brachii ; supination
Sensory - lateral forearm

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2
Q 
Axillary n 
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5, C6
Shoulder abduction - deltoid
Sense - inf region of deltoid
Injury - flattened deltoid ( humeral neck fracture/ dislocation)

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3
Q 
Radial n
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5 - T1
Extension forearm wrist fingers thumb
Sens - dorsal aspect b/w 1st & 2nd metacarpals
Wrist drop - humeral shaft fracture

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4
Q 
Median n 
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C6 - T1
LOAF muscles
Palmar aspect lateral 3.5 fingers
Injury - @ wrist - the arm muscle paralysis, opponens pollicis
@ elbow - loss of forearm pronation + weak wrist flexion

Carpal tunnel syndrome - wrist lesion

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5
Q

LOAF muscles and function

A

lateral 2 lumbricals, MCPJ flexion, IPJ extension
opponens pollicis brevis, - opposes thumb
abductor pollicis brevis - abducts thumb
flexor pollicis - flexes thumb

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6
Q 
Ulnar nerve
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C8, T1
Intrinsic hand muscles ,LOAF (wrist flexion)
Medial 1.5 fingers
Claw hand -; medial epicondyle frx

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7
Q

Long thoracic n
Root
Injury

A

C5-C7
Serratus anterior
Injury - blow to rbs, lifting weights , complication of mastectomy
Winged scapula
Pain more severe on contralateral tilting of head

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8
Q

Winged vs dropped scapula

A

Winged - long thoracic n affected
Dropped - accessory n (CN 11) = supplies trapezius + SCM
Unable to move shoulder

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9
Q

Wrist drop
Saturday night palsy
Crutch palsy

A

Radial nerve
Crutch - compression against spiral groove on medial humerus
Sat - radial n compressed in medial aspect of arm

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10
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexion of PIP and MCP joints

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11
Q

Flexor digitorum profundis

A

Flexion DIP

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extension - middle 3 fingers - index, middle, ring

@ MCP IP joints

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13
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends thumb @ IP

Full extension of thumb - EPL

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14
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Thumb extension @ MCP

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15
Q

Midline structure pierced in lap chole

A

Lines alba

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16
Q

Structures pierced in laparoscopy

Midway pt b/w umbilicus + sup iliac spine

A

Internal oblique + external oblique aponeurosis

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17
Q

What is liable to be pierced in chest drain insertion (5th ICS mid axillary)

A

VAN
Intercostal Vein artery nerve + intercostal muscle
- located @ inferior border of a rib

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18
Q

Popeye arm appearance

A

Proximal biceps tendon rupture

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19
Q

What is affected in tennis elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis

Wrist extension

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20
Q

What is affected in golfer’s elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis

Finger flexors and pronation

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21
Q

Nerve supply eye muscles

A

LR6 SO4 rest 3

OTA = same , opposite, same

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22
Q

Occult motor n function

Injury

A

Pupil constriction
Supplies most eye muscles
N to levator palpebrae

Injury = my crisis, ptosis - same side. ; outward gaze , diplopia

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23
Q

Trochear n
Function
Injury

A

Superior oblique
Injury = diplopia on downward gaze - opp side
Vertical diplopia

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24
Q

Abducens n
Function
Injury

A

Lateral rectus
Diplopia on lateral gaze (same side) (horizontal diplopia)
Same side

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25
Q

Saphenous n supplies

Injury in

A

Medial foot sensation

It is purely a sensory nerve
Injury = varicose vein surgery, vein harvest for bypass, knee arthroscopy

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26
Q

Sural n supplies

A

Lateral foot sensation

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27
Q

Safe triangle for chest drain

A

5th IC slightly anterior to mid axillary line

Boundaries - 
Ant - pect minor 
Post- latissmus dorsi 
Superior - base of axilla 
Inferior - 5 th ICS
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28
Q

Lymphatic drainage of ovaries/testis

A

Para-aortic LNs

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29
Q

Skin (perineum, scrotum, vulva)

Lymphatic drainage

A

Superficial inguinal LNs

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30
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tongue
Tip
Ant 2//3
Post 1/3

A

T - submental
Ant - submandibular
Post - jugular omohyoid ( deep cervical LNs)

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31
Q

LNs of posterior oropharynx

A

Deep cervical

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32
Q

Skin of medial malleolus drains to

A

Inguinal LNs

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33
Q

Skin of lateral malleolus drains to

A

Popliteal LNs > inguinal

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34
Q

Superficial inguinal LNs drain

A

All below umbilicus excepts gonads and lateral foot

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35
Q

Politeal LNs

A

Drain lateral foot

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36
Q

Deep lymphatics of glans, clit drain to

A

External iliac

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37
Q

Branches of common peroneal + fn

A

Superficial - lateral compartment of leg - everts foot

Deep - anterior compartment leg - dorsiflexes the foot

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38
Q

Vein that runs on lateral aspect of leg

A

Short saphenous vein

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39
Q

What veins runs on medial aspect of leg

A

Long/great saphenous v

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40
Q

4 sensory branches of common peroneal n

A

Sural communicating - lower posterolateral leg
Lateral sural cutaneous - upper lateral leg
Superficial fibular (peroneal) - anteroom the leg except b/w 1st 2 toes
Deep fibular (peroneal) - skin b/w 1st 2 toes

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41
Q

Thumb Abduction + extension weak + ulnar deviation of wrist
Little finger paresthesia
N root injury?

A

C8

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42
Q

Fingers abduction + adduction w/ pain and paresthesia

N root injury?

A

T1

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43
Q

Loss of thumb sensation and elbow flexion

N root injury

A

C 5,6 - Erbs palsy

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44
Q

Motor function of C5 6 7 8, T1

A

5-flex elbow
6- extend wrist
7- extend elbow
8- flex fingers

T1 - addict + abduct fingers

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45
Q

Nerve roots for thumb , middle 3 fingers, pinky

A

Thumb - C6
Middle 3 - C7
Pinky - C8

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46
Q

What is addisons plane

Importance

A

Transphobic plane
Transverse line midway b/w sternal notch & symphysis pubis

L1 level , 9th rib level (ant end)
Level of pylorus = fundus of gall bladder

**tip of 9th costal cartilage - GB fundus

47
Q

Structures @ L1 level (6)

A

9th costal cartilage - GB fundus
Stomach pylorus- kidney hilum
SMA , celiac trunk

48
Q

Posterior gastric ulcer perforation ( fundus /body of stomach)
Pus accumulates where?
What occurs

A

Lesser sac
Abscess formed - passes thru peritoneal cavity (thru winds low foramen)
= generalised peritonitis

49
Q

Perforation of posterior pyloric / duodenal ulcer causes

A

Retropperitoneal abscess

50
Q

Stroke of temporal lobe results in

A

Memory impairment , changes in sexual behaviour
Visual defect = Superior homonymous quadrantinopias

PiTs =
parietal - inferior homonymous quadrantinopias
Temporal = (see above )

51
Q

Frontal lobe lesion

Results in

A

Personality and social behaviour changes

No visual field defect

52
Q

Rule of 17- for side of deviation

A

10 + 7 + opposite side of lesion
- facial (7), uvular (10)

12+5 = same side of deviation
15- jaw , 12- tongue

5 trigeminal 7 facial 10 vagus 12 hypoglossal

53
Q

Hepatopancreatic ampulla is

A

Where CBD connects to pancreatic duct @ 2nd part of duo

Aka - ampulla of vater

54
Q

Nerve for inversion and plantar flexion of foot

A

Tibial n

TIP

55
Q

Nerve for version and dorsiflexion of foot

A

PED

Peroneal n

56
Q

70% of head of pancreas patients initially present with jaundice
Why?

A

Head of pancreas- close to CBD

Obstruction = jaundice

57
Q

Erbs palsy

A

C5,6 palsy

Loss of thumb sensation and elbow flexion

58
Q

Maxillary n supplies

A

Sinuses - ethmoid , maxillary , sphenoid
Mucosa - palate, roof of pharynx , nasal mucosa
Lower lids, upper lip & gum/teeth, nares,
Parts of meninges

Palate = mucous membrane

59
Q

Location of deep inguinal ring

A

Above mid pt of inguinal ligament approx 1 inch/2.5 cm

60
Q

Where does the LAD run

A

Inside the anterior interventricular groove

It’s a continuation of Left coronary a.

61
Q

Extensor digitorum communis fn

A

Extends phalanges 1st, then wrist , then elbow

Separates fingers during extension

62
Q

Features of lacunae infarct (internal capsule)

A

Ataxic hemiparesis (same side) + dysarthria

63
Q

Features of cerebral infarction

A

Contralateral hemiplegia or sensory loss
Dysphasia
Homonymous hemianopia

64
Q

Brainstem infarct

Features

A

Quadriplegia, vertigo, diplopia, locked in syndrome (pseudo coma)

65
Q

Locked in syndrome caused by

A

Damage to pons (brainstem)

66
Q

Branch of internal carotid that supplies eye

A

Internal carotid > ophthalmic a. > central retinal a.

67
Q

Transient occlusion of central retinal a. Results in

A

Amaurosis fugax

- resolves quickly

68
Q

RF of amaurosis fugax

A

Atherosclerosis

HTN

69
Q

Innervation of. Lower teeth

A

Inferior alveolar n

- branch of mandibular n

70
Q

Nerve supply of chin and lower lip (skin + mucosa)

A

Mental nerve

Trigeminal > mandibular > inf alveolar > mental

71
Q

Unilateral injury to recurrent laryngeal n causes

A

Hoarseness of voice

RLN is branch of vagus

72
Q

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury

A

Aphonia +/- airway obstruction

Aphonia = inability to speak

73
Q

External branch of superior laryngeal n injury

A

Dysphonia

Loss of high pitched sound > monotones voice

74
Q

Where should superior thyroid artery be ligated

A

Near superior pole of thyroid gland

= to avoid External br of superior laryngeal nerve damage

75
Q

Umbilicus is @ what level

What is the umbilical derma tome

A

L3/4

Derma - T10

76
Q

Iliac crest is at what level

A

L4

77
Q

What lies at level of T8

A

IVC

78
Q

What lies at T10 level

A

Oesophagus

79
Q

What lies @ T12

A

Aorta

80
Q

Peroneal strike

A

Blow/trauma to lateral aspect below knee
Causes foot drop
Common peroneal n affected

81
Q

Features of prepatellar bursitis

Tx

A

Redness swelling ability to flex knee
Rest usually resolves symptoms

Housemaids plumbers

82
Q

Clergyman or jumpers knee =

A

Infrapatellar bursitis

83
Q

Nerve root achilles reflex

A

S1 S2

84
Q

Nerve root patellar reflex

A

L3 L4

85
Q

Nerve root biceps/brachioradialis reflex

A

C5 C6 - biceps

C6 C7 - brachioradialis

86
Q

Nerve root triceps reflex

A

C7 C8

87
Q

Nerve root cremasteric reflex

A

L1 L2

88
Q

Nerve root anal wink reflex

A

S3 S4

89
Q

Facial n palsy =

A

Facial weakness

Loss of tast ant 2/3 tongue

90
Q

Vagus n lesion =

A

Weak cough
Vocal cord paralysis + dysphonia
Uvular deviation
Parasympathetic loss - resp , GIT, CVS

91
Q

5th n lesion

A

Trigeminal
Weakness of mastication muscles
Jaw deviation same side
Loss of facial sensation

92
Q

9th n lesion

A

Glossopharyngeal
No gag reflex
No taste post 1/3 tongu e
No sensation posterior pharynx, tonsils, soft palate

93
Q

Loss of taste nerves

A

Ant 2/3 - facial

Post 1/3 - glosspharyngeal

94
Q

Hypoglossal n injury

A

Deviation of tongue to same side as lesion

95
Q

Claw hand

Which movement against resistance helps confirm n injury

A

Ulnar n - supplies dorsal + palmar interossei = fingers adduction + abduction

Dorsal - abduction
Palmar - adduction

96
Q

Abduction and adduction of fingers affected

N injury?

A

Ulnar

97
Q

Femoral n injury =

A

Weak hip flexion
Weak knee extension
Paresthesia medial side of thigh

= L234

98
Q

Femoral n
Root
Motor
Sensory

A

L234
Knee extension , hip flexion
Ant + medial aspect of thigh and lower leg

Hip+ pelvic frx / stab or gunshot wounds

99
Q

Obturator n
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A

Thigh adduction
Middle part of medial thigh
Anterior hip dislocation

100
Q

Lateral cutaneous n of thigh
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A

None
Lateral + posterior surface of thigh
Compression of nerve near ASIS
-meralgia paresthetica; pain tingling numbness in n distribution

101
Q

Tibial n
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A

Foot plantarflexion + inversion (TIP)
Sole of foot
Deep and well protected so not commonly injured
-popliteal laceration , posterior knee dislocation

102
Q

Common peroneal
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A

PED - eversion + dorsiflexion
Dorsum of foot + lower part of lateral leg
Injury @ neck of fibula ; tightly applied lower limb cast

  • foot drop
103
Q

Superior gluteal n
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A 
Hip abduction 
None
Misplaced IM injection
Hip surgery
Pelvic frx, post hip dislocation 
Injury = +ve trendelenburg sign
104
Q

Inferior gluteal n
Motor
Sensory
Injury

A

Hip extension + lateral rotation
None
Injured w/ sciatic n
Injury = difficulty rising from seated position , can’t jump or climb stairs

105
Q

Arterial supply of LL

A

External iliac > femoral > popliteal > ant tibial > dorsalis pedis

106
Q

What is seen in aorto-iliac occlusion

A

Leriche syndrome

Pain in buttocks , thigh + erectile dysfunction

107
Q

Common iliac artery occlusion

A

Pain extends to just above inguinal ligament

108
Q

Femoral artery occlusion

A

Pain in leg below inguinal ligament

Femoral pulse felt - ones below it are not

109
Q

Femoral-popliteal occlusion

A

Pain below knee

110
Q

Guyon’s canal syndrome

A

Predisposed by pregnancy

Ulnar nerve compression at wrist

111
Q

Upper brachial plexus

Lower

A

C 567

C8 T1

112
Q

Bradykinesia + resting tremors + rigidity

Classic triad seen in ?

A

Parkinson’s

It is a result of low dopamine due to degeneration of dopamine rigid neutrons in substantia nigra

113
Q

Most likely affected anatomical structure in Parkinson’s

A

Substantia nigra

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