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Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q 
Musculo-cutaneous nerve
Nerve root
Motor supply
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5- C7
Elbow flexion - biceps brachii ; supination
Sensory - lateral forearm

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2
Q 
Axillary n 
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5, C6
Shoulder abduction - deltoid
Sense - inf region of deltoid
Injury - flattened deltoid ( humeral neck fracture/ dislocation)

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3
Q 
Radial n
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C5 - T1
Extension forearm wrist fingers thumb
Sens - dorsal aspect b/w 1st & 2nd metacarpals
Wrist drop - humeral shaft fracture

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4
Q 
Median n 
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C6 - T1
LOAF muscles
Palmar aspect lateral 3.5 fingers
Injury - @ wrist - the arm muscle paralysis, opponens pollicis
@ elbow - loss of forearm pronation + weak wrist flexion

Carpal tunnel syndrome - wrist lesion

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5
Q

LOAF muscles and function

A

lateral 2 lumbricals, MCPJ flexion, IPJ extension
opponens pollicis brevis, - opposes thumb
abductor pollicis brevis - abducts thumb
flexor pollicis - flexes thumb

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6
Q 
Ulnar nerve
Root
Motor
Sensory 
Injury
A

C8, T1
Intrinsic hand muscles ,LOAF (wrist flexion)
Medial 1.5 fingers
Claw hand -; medial epicondyle frx

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7
Q

Long thoracic n
Root
Injury

A

C5-C7
Serratus anterior
Injury - blow to rbs, lifting weights , complication of mastectomy
Winged scapula
Pain more severe on contralateral tilting of head

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8
Q

Winged vs dropped scapula

A

Winged - long thoracic n affected
Dropped - accessory n (CN 11) = supplies trapezius + SCM
Unable to move shoulder

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9
Q

Wrist drop
Saturday night palsy
Crutch palsy

A

Radial nerve
Crutch - compression against spiral groove on medial humerus
Sat - radial n compressed in medial aspect of arm

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10
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexion of PIP and MCP joints

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11
Q

Flexor digitorum profundis

A

Flexion DIP

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12
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

Extension - middle 3 fingers - index, middle, ring

@ MCP IP joints

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13
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Extends thumb @ IP

Full extension of thumb - EPL

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14
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

Thumb extension @ MCP

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15
Q

Midline structure pierced in lap chole

A

Lines alba

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16
Q

Structures pierced in laparoscopy

Midway pt b/w umbilicus + sup iliac spine

A

Internal oblique + external oblique aponeurosis

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17
Q

What is liable to be pierced in chest drain insertion (5th ICS mid axillary)

A

VAN
Intercostal Vein artery nerve + intercostal muscle
- located @ inferior border of a rib

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18
Q

Popeye arm appearance

A

Proximal biceps tendon rupture

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19
Q

What is affected in tennis elbow

A

Lateral epicondylitis

Wrist extension

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20
Q

What is affected in golfer’s elbow

A

Medial epicondylitis

Finger flexors and pronation

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21
Q

Nerve supply eye muscles

A

LR6 SO4 rest 3

OTA = same , opposite, same

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22
Q

Occult motor n function

Injury

A

Pupil constriction
Supplies most eye muscles
N to levator palpebrae

Injury = my crisis, ptosis - same side. ; outward gaze , diplopia

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23
Q

Trochear n
Function
Injury

A

Superior oblique
Injury = diplopia on downward gaze - opp side
Vertical diplopia

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24
Q

Abducens n
Function
Injury

A

Lateral rectus
Diplopia on lateral gaze (same side) (horizontal diplopia)
Same side

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25
Saphenous n supplies | Injury in
Medial foot sensation It is purely a sensory nerve Injury = varicose vein surgery, vein harvest for bypass, knee arthroscopy
26
Sural n supplies
Lateral foot sensation
27
Safe triangle for chest drain
5th IC slightly anterior to mid axillary line ``` Boundaries - Ant - pect minor Post- latissmus dorsi Superior - base of axilla Inferior - 5 th ICS ```
28
Lymphatic drainage of ovaries/testis
Para-aortic LNs
29
Skin (perineum, scrotum, vulva) | Lymphatic drainage
Superficial inguinal LNs
30
Lymphatic drainage of tongue Tip Ant 2//3 Post 1/3
T - submental Ant - submandibular Post - jugular omohyoid ( deep cervical LNs)
31
LNs of posterior oropharynx
Deep cervical
32
Skin of medial malleolus drains to
Inguinal LNs
33
Skin of lateral malleolus drains to
Popliteal LNs > inguinal
34
Superficial inguinal LNs drain
All below umbilicus excepts gonads and lateral foot
35
Politeal LNs
Drain lateral foot
36
Deep lymphatics of glans, clit drain to
External iliac
37
Branches of common peroneal + fn
Superficial - lateral compartment of leg - everts foot | Deep - anterior compartment leg - dorsiflexes the foot
38
Vein that runs on lateral aspect of leg
Short saphenous vein
39
What veins runs on medial aspect of leg
Long/great saphenous v
40
4 sensory branches of common peroneal n
Sural communicating - lower posterolateral leg Lateral sural cutaneous - upper lateral leg Superficial fibular (peroneal) - anteroom the leg except b/w 1st 2 toes Deep fibular (peroneal) - skin b/w 1st 2 toes
41
Thumb Abduction + extension weak + ulnar deviation of wrist Little finger paresthesia N root injury?
C8
42
Fingers abduction + adduction w/ pain and paresthesia | N root injury?
T1
43
Loss of thumb sensation and elbow flexion | N root injury
C 5,6 - Erbs palsy
44
Motor function of C5 6 7 8, T1
5-flex elbow 6- extend wrist 7- extend elbow 8- flex fingers T1 - addict + abduct fingers
45
Nerve roots for thumb , middle 3 fingers, pinky
Thumb - C6 Middle 3 - C7 Pinky - C8
46
What is addisons plane | Importance
Transphobic plane Transverse line midway b/w sternal notch & symphysis pubis L1 level , 9th rib level (ant end) Level of pylorus = fundus of gall bladder **tip of 9th costal cartilage - GB fundus
47
Structures @ L1 level (6)
9th costal cartilage - GB fundus Stomach pylorus- kidney hilum SMA , celiac trunk
48
Posterior gastric ulcer perforation ( fundus /body of stomach) Pus accumulates where? What occurs
Lesser sac Abscess formed - passes thru peritoneal cavity (thru winds low foramen) = generalised peritonitis
49
Perforation of posterior pyloric / duodenal ulcer causes
Retropperitoneal abscess
50
Stroke of temporal lobe results in
Memory impairment , changes in sexual behaviour Visual defect = Superior homonymous quadrantinopias PiTs = parietal - inferior homonymous quadrantinopias Temporal = (see above )
51
Frontal lobe lesion | Results in
Personality and social behaviour changes | No visual field defect
52
Rule of 17- for side of deviation
10 + 7 + opposite side of lesion - facial (7), uvular (10) 12+5 = same side of deviation 15- jaw , 12- tongue 5 trigeminal 7 facial 10 vagus 12 hypoglossal
53
Hepatopancreatic ampulla is
Where CBD connects to pancreatic duct @ 2nd part of duo Aka - ampulla of vater
54
Nerve for inversion and plantar flexion of foot
Tibial n | TIP
55
Nerve for version and dorsiflexion of foot
PED | Peroneal n
56
70% of head of pancreas patients initially present with jaundice Why?
Head of pancreas- close to CBD | Obstruction = jaundice
57
Erbs palsy
C5,6 palsy | Loss of thumb sensation and elbow flexion
58
Maxillary n supplies
Sinuses - ethmoid , maxillary , sphenoid Mucosa - palate, roof of pharynx , nasal mucosa Lower lids, upper lip & gum/teeth, nares, Parts of meninges Palate = mucous membrane
59
Location of deep inguinal ring
Above mid pt of inguinal ligament approx 1 inch/2.5 cm
60
Where does the LAD run
Inside the anterior interventricular groove | It’s a continuation of Left coronary a.
61
Extensor digitorum communis fn
Extends phalanges 1st, then wrist , then elbow | Separates fingers during extension
62
Features of lacunae infarct (internal capsule)
Ataxic hemiparesis (same side) + dysarthria
63
Features of cerebral infarction
Contralateral hemiplegia or sensory loss Dysphasia Homonymous hemianopia
64
Brainstem infarct | Features
Quadriplegia, vertigo, diplopia, locked in syndrome (pseudo coma)
65
Locked in syndrome caused by
Damage to pons (brainstem)
66
Branch of internal carotid that supplies eye
Internal carotid > ophthalmic a. > central retinal a.
67
Transient occlusion of central retinal a. Results in
Amaurosis fugax | - resolves quickly
68
RF of amaurosis fugax
Atherosclerosis | HTN
69
Innervation of. Lower teeth
Inferior alveolar n | - branch of mandibular n
70
Nerve supply of chin and lower lip (skin + mucosa)
Mental nerve Trigeminal > mandibular > inf alveolar > mental
71
Unilateral injury to recurrent laryngeal n causes
Hoarseness of voice RLN is branch of vagus
72
Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
Aphonia +/- airway obstruction Aphonia = inability to speak
73
External branch of superior laryngeal n injury
Dysphonia | Loss of high pitched sound > monotones voice
74
Where should superior thyroid artery be ligated
Near superior pole of thyroid gland | = to avoid External br of superior laryngeal nerve damage
75
Umbilicus is @ what level | What is the umbilical derma tome
L3/4 | Derma - T10
76
Iliac crest is at what level
L4
77
What lies at level of T8
IVC
78
What lies at T10 level
Oesophagus
79
What lies @ T12
Aorta
80
Peroneal strike
Blow/trauma to lateral aspect below knee Causes foot drop Common peroneal n affected
81
Features of prepatellar bursitis | Tx
Redness swelling ability to flex knee Rest usually resolves symptoms Housemaids plumbers
82
Clergyman or jumpers knee =
Infrapatellar bursitis
83
Nerve root achilles reflex
S1 S2
84
Nerve root patellar reflex
L3 L4
85
Nerve root biceps/brachioradialis reflex
C5 C6 - biceps | C6 C7 - brachioradialis
86
Nerve root triceps reflex
C7 C8
87
Nerve root cremasteric reflex
L1 L2
88
Nerve root anal wink reflex
S3 S4
89
Facial n palsy =
Facial weakness | Loss of tast ant 2/3 tongue
90
Vagus n lesion =
Weak cough Vocal cord paralysis + dysphonia Uvular deviation Parasympathetic loss - resp , GIT, CVS
91
5th n lesion
Trigeminal Weakness of mastication muscles Jaw deviation same side Loss of facial sensation
92
9th n lesion
Glossopharyngeal No gag reflex No taste post 1/3 tongu e No sensation posterior pharynx, tonsils, soft palate
93
Loss of taste nerves
Ant 2/3 - facial | Post 1/3 - glosspharyngeal
94
Hypoglossal n injury
Deviation of tongue to same side as lesion
95
Claw hand | Which movement against resistance helps confirm n injury
Ulnar n - supplies dorsal + palmar interossei = fingers adduction + abduction Dorsal - abduction Palmar - adduction
96
Abduction and adduction of fingers affected | N injury?
Ulnar
97
Femoral n injury =
Weak hip flexion Weak knee extension Paresthesia medial side of thigh = L234
98
Femoral n Root Motor Sensory
L234 Knee extension , hip flexion Ant + medial aspect of thigh and lower leg Hip+ pelvic frx / stab or gunshot wounds
99
Obturator n Motor Sensory Injury
Thigh adduction Middle part of medial thigh Anterior hip dislocation
100
Lateral cutaneous n of thigh Motor Sensory Injury
None Lateral + posterior surface of thigh Compression of nerve near ASIS -meralgia paresthetica; pain tingling numbness in n distribution
101
Tibial n Motor Sensory Injury
Foot plantarflexion + inversion (TIP) Sole of foot Deep and well protected so not commonly injured -popliteal laceration , posterior knee dislocation
102
Common peroneal Motor Sensory Injury
PED - eversion + dorsiflexion Dorsum of foot + lower part of lateral leg Injury @ neck of fibula ; tightly applied lower limb cast - foot drop
103
Superior gluteal n Motor Sensory Injury
``` Hip abduction None Misplaced IM injection Hip surgery Pelvic frx, post hip dislocation Injury = +ve trendelenburg sign ```
104
Inferior gluteal n Motor Sensory Injury
Hip extension + lateral rotation None Injured w/ sciatic n Injury = difficulty rising from seated position , can’t jump or climb stairs
105
Arterial supply of LL
External iliac > femoral > popliteal > ant tibial > dorsalis pedis
106
What is seen in aorto-iliac occlusion
Leriche syndrome | Pain in buttocks , thigh + erectile dysfunction
107
Common iliac artery occlusion
Pain extends to just above inguinal ligament
108
Femoral artery occlusion
Pain in leg below inguinal ligament | Femoral pulse felt - ones below it are not
109
Femoral-popliteal occlusion
Pain below knee
110
Guyon’s canal syndrome
Predisposed by pregnancy | Ulnar nerve compression at wrist
111
Upper brachial plexus | Lower
C 567 | C8 T1
112
Bradykinesia + resting tremors + rigidity | Classic triad seen in ?
Parkinson’s | It is a result of low dopamine due to degeneration of dopamine rigid neutrons in substantia nigra
113
Most likely affected anatomical structure in Parkinson’s
Substantia nigra

Revision (31 decks)

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