Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NURS122 > Immunity, Inflammation, & Infection > Flashcards

Immunity, Inflammation, & Infection Flashcards

1
Q

T cells function

A

destroy own cells that have gone bad - invaded by viruses or cancerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where do T cells mature

A

thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

B cells function

A

make antibodies that attack bad stuff - bacteria, viruses, toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where do B cells mature

A

in the bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where are natural killer cells found

A

spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

function of NK cells

A

suppress cancer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which are the granulocytes

A

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acronym for amount of WBC

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what would increased eosinophils indicate

A

parasitic/protozoan infection, allergic reaction, or cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where are eosinophils mainly found

A

GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what would increased basophils indicate

A

inflammatory response, allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do basophils contain (looking for 2)

A

heparin - anticoagulant
histamine - vasodilator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what can neutrophils do

A

phagocytosis; fight fungal infections
start inflammation process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what can macrophages do

A

phagocytosis; release cytokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what can lymphocytes do

A

make antibodies;
destroy bad cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the 5 major components of the lymphatic system?

A

vessels
nodes
tonsils
thymus
spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

functions of spleen

A

recycle old RBCs
storage of platelets & WBCs
fight infections - pneumonia & meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

most common Immunoglobulin

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

each IgG has how many binding sites

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how do immunoglobulins increase chances of phagocytosis

A

bind to antigens, inactivate and then clump them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acronym to remember the amount of Ig

A

GAMED for functions
GAMDE for amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

functions of Ig

A

G: across placenta during Gestation
A: Alimentary canal, saliva, tears, airway, vagina
M: lyMph & blood
E: allErgies (lungs, skin, mucous membranes)
D: no idea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which antibody is the first one made to fight off an infection

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which antibody activates complement system against bacteria and viruses

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what is considered the humoral response
B cells produce antibodies (Ig) that circulate in the bloodstream; some memory B-cells
26
what is considered the cell-mediated response
activated phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells (remember MHC I & II), release of specific cytokines
27
what happens to T-cells in HIV
the T cells start attacking self cells
28
innate vs acquired/adaptive immunity
innate: general response but faster acquired/adaptive: super specific but takes longer due to clonal expansion
29
active vs. passive immunity
active: antibodies produced due to natural or vaccine-induced immunity; long-lasting but takes a while passive: antibodies given to them; baby through placenta, antibody blood transfusion; IMMEDIATE but short-lasting, NO memory cells
30
how long does passive immunity last for babies
6 months
31
causes of chronic inflammation
couldn't eliminate stuff from acute inflammation; autoimmune disorder
32
what can excessive serous exudate indicate
high bioburden - lots of microorganisms, surface not sterilized and has lots of bacteria still
33
what is in serous exudate
plasma
34
what's catarrhal exudate
mucus in runny nose/throat
35
when are fibrinous exudates seen
in response to injuries of the vascular system
36
what is contained in purulent discharge
plasma with live and dead neutrophils, fibrinogen, and necrotic parenchymal cells
37
what 3 chemicals that are released that triggers chemotaxis during inflammation
kinins prostaglandins histamine
38
what are the 5 signs of inflammation
pain, swelling/edema, redness, heat, loss of function from swelling and pain
39
most common type of tissue injury
microtrauma: overuse of a common body part
40
what are pyrogens and what produces them
macrophages & T cells produce cytokines that act as messengers
41
function of fever
kill off pathogens speeds up important protective chemical rxns - increase phagocytosis, produce immune bodies
42
signals that trigger fever
interleukin-1 (IL-1) triggers prostaglandin E and tells hypothalamus to crank up temp
43
4 stages of fever
prodromal chill flush defervescence
44
subclinical vs. clinical apparent
subclinical: no symptoms clinical apparent: has symptoms
45
virulence
growth and multiplication how fast
46
pathogenicity
ability to cause harm
47
invasiveness
ability to bypass protective tissues
48
incidence
pathogen x virulence/host defenses
49
opportunistic
organism that causes an infection under the right circumstances
50
helminthes
worm feeding on live host disrupting host's nutrition absorption
51
6 steps for infection
susceptible host infectious agent source portal of exit mode of transmission portal of entry
52
what is cellulitis
bacterial skin infection most common in lower legs
53
what is bacteremia and signs & symptoms
bacteria in the blood; sudden fever, chills after procedure
54
what is septicemia
bacterial infection in a organ such as lungs or skin enters the bloodstream and can progress to sepsis
55
most common infections that can lead to septicemia
UTI, lung infections such as pneumonia kidney infections abdominal infections
56
normal amount of WBCs
5,000-10,000 cells/mm3 low is below 4,000 to 4,500 high is above 11,000
57
what is considered leukocytosis
elevated WBCs that reach beyond 10,000 cells/mm3
58
list some reasons why leukocytosis might occur
steroid use, infection, stress, thyroid storm, splenectomy
59
what is considered leukopenia
WBC <4,000
60
what will happen to band (immature) neutrophils when infection is severe or prolonged
shift to the left normal is 0-10%
61
differential count means what
counts the different number of WBCs
62
what is considered neutropenia
neutropenia - <2,000 ANC (absolute neutrophil count) <1,000
63
what does ANC absolute neutrophil count tell you
the risk for infection
64
under what conditions should a pt be placed under neutropenic precautions and what are the steps to take
if ANC <1,000 - no flowers, fresh fruits or veggies - no sick visitors - no rectal temp or IM injections
65
what is a serology test
antigen and antibody reaction tests: presence or level

NURS122 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions