Bones Flashcards
what’s the reason for kyphosis
the vertebrae disks becomes thinner
vitamins that are important for elderly
vitamin D 800IU
Ca 1,200mg
osteoarthritis
cartilage that protects the end of bones breaks down leading to pain and stiffness
osteomalacia
soft bones from not enough vit D, Ca, or P
osteoporosis
loss of bone mass and it becomes brittle
osteopenia
low bone density can lead to fractures;precursor to osteoporosis
osteomyelitis
inflammation or infection of bone tissue
caused by bacteria, fungi, etc.
rheumatoid arthritis
inflamed joints
what happens to muscles during gerontological changes
- muscle fibers reduce in number and shrink in size
- muscle tissue replaced more slowly & are replaced with tough fibrous tissue
- nervous system: reduced tone and ability to contract
what happens to ligaments during gerontological changes
they shorten and loose flexibility
subjective data to collect from pts
- risk factors
- family hx
- poss secondary sources of infection from ears, tonsils, teeth, GU, lungs
- menstrual cycle
- meds
what can antiseizure meds lead to
osteomalacia
what can phenothiazines lead to
gait disturbances
what can corticoids lead to
decrease in bone and muscle mass
what can potassium sparing diuretics lead to
muscle cramps & weakness
important objective data when assessing a pt
- posture & gait, muscle mass & symmetry
- spinal deformities that can affect breathing & balance
- joints & muscle: crepitus, deformity, redness, warmth
- general nutritional status
may appear normal but tender when palpated
what can red joints with boney nodes indicate
synovitis
what does a 24hr creatinine lab tell you
muscle wasting
what does uric acid lab tell you
gout - joint inflamation
what does urine deoxypyridinoline lab tell you
bone wasting
what does erythrocyte sedimentation rate tell you
increased when inflamed but alone doesn’t diagnose
could indicate rheumatoid arthritis
when RBC are inflammed they tend to clump and settle faster, hence high ESR
normal ESR
15 mm/hr for men
20 for women
what does creatinine kinase lab tell you
high means muscle destruction
what labs are used to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis
rheumatoid factor
anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP)