Antibiotics - important only

Question 1

List 1 drug under monobactams

Answer 1

Aztreonam

Question 2

what do macrolides drug names end with and give an example

Answer 2

“thromycin”
erythromycin, azithromycin

Question 3

which antibiotics require taking on an empty stomach

Answer 3

Move The Food
M: macrolides
T: tetracyclines
F: fluoroquinolones

Question 4

what do fluoroquinolone drug names end with

Answer 4

“floxacin” such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin

Question 5

what medication is fluoroquinolone used in conjunction with when treating an UTI

Answer 5

phenazopyradine used to decrease discomfort with UTI

Question 6

which antibiotics are photosensitive

Answer 6

Fun in The Sun
F: fluoroquinolones
T: tetracyclines
S: sulfonamides: trimethroprim

Question 7

list 3 examples of aminonoglycosides

Answer 7

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin

Question 8

which antibiotics are especially toxic to the kidneys and ears

Answer 8

vancomycin, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin or neomycin, and amphotericin (polyene abx for fungal infections)

Question 9

range of BUN and creatinine and urine output that’s bad

Answer 9

creatinine >1.3
BUN >20
and <30mL/hr urine output

Question 10

penicillin
action & important stuff

Answer 10

destroys cell walls
decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness
renal toxic

Question 11

cephalosporins
action & important stuff

Answer 11

destroys cell walls
can lead to nose bleed (epistaxis) - check PT, INR, PTT, bleed time
NO alcohol, or previous penicillin allergies
renal toxic

Question 12

monobactams
drug name & action & important stuff

Answer 12

aztreonam
destroys cell walls
renal toxic
careful in pregnancy, elderly

Question 13

carbapenems
drug name & action & important stuff

Answer 13

“penem”
destroys cells walls
can cause seizures
renal toxic

Question 14

vancomycin
action & important stuff

Answer 14

destroys cell walls
red man syndrome if infused too fast -> slow rate
renal toxic, ototoxcity

Question 15

tetracyclines
action & important stuff

Answer 15

inhibit protein synthesis
- discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, teratogenic & decrease contraceptive fxn
- sit up for 30mins after taking
- no dairy or antacids
- hepato toxic

Question 16

macrolides
drug names & action & important stuff

Answer 16

erythromycin, azithromycin “thromicin”
- inhibit protein synthesis
- throws ECG for long QT waves -> ventricular dysrhythmias
- hepato toxic, ototoxic

Question 17

aminoglycosides
drug names & action & important stuff

Answer 17

gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
- inhibit protein synthesis
- teratogenic
- muscle aches, cramping normal
- renal toxic, ototoxic

• cystic fibrosis

Question 18

fluoroquinolones
drug names & action & important stuff

Answer 18

“floxacin”
- inhibit DNA replication
- achilles tendon rupture
- photosensitivity, liver toxic

• pneumonia, UTI
• often combined with phenazopyradine

Question 19

common side effect of phenazopyradine

Answer 19

orange urine (harmless)

Question 20

sulfonamides
drug name & action & important stuff

Answer 20

trimethoprim
- inhibit folic acid synthesis -> take folic acid supplements
Sunburn - photosensitivity
Urine crystals
Love water (give w.)
Folic acid daily
- decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness
- NOT for pregnant/nursing

Question 21

what are the 2 urinary tract antiseptics abx

Answer 21

nitrofurantoin
methenamine

Question 22

nitrofurantoin & methenamine
action & important stuff

Answer 22

inhibit folic acid synthesis
- stains teeth & brown urine (harmless)
- photosensitivity
- NOT for pregnant & kidney impaired