Antibiotics - important only Flashcards
List 1 drug under monobactams
Aztreonam
what do macrolides drug names end with and give an example
“thromycin”
erythromycin, azithromycin
which antibiotics require taking on an empty stomach
Move The Food
M: macrolides
T: tetracyclines
F: fluoroquinolones
what do fluoroquinolone drug names end with
“floxacin” such as ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin
what medication is fluoroquinolone used in conjunction with when treating an UTI
phenazopyradine used to decrease discomfort with UTI
which antibiotics are photosensitive
Fun in The Sun
F: fluoroquinolones
T: tetracyclines
S: sulfonamides: trimethroprim
list 3 examples of aminonoglycosides
gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
which antibiotics are especially toxic to the kidneys and ears
vancomycin, aminoglycosides such as gentamicin or neomycin, and amphotericin (polyene abx for fungal infections)
range of BUN and creatinine and urine output that’s bad
creatinine >1.3
BUN >20
and <30mL/hr urine output
penicillin
action & important stuff
destroys cell walls
decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness
renal toxic
cephalosporins
action & important stuff
destroys cell walls
can lead to nose bleed (epistaxis) - check PT, INR, PTT, bleed time
NO alcohol, or previous penicillin allergies
renal toxic
monobactams
drug name & action & important stuff
aztreonam
destroys cell walls
renal toxic
careful in pregnancy, elderly
carbapenems
drug name & action & important stuff
“penem”
destroys cells walls
can cause seizures
renal toxic
vancomycin
action & important stuff
destroys cell walls
red man syndrome if infused too fast -> slow rate
renal toxic, ototoxcity
tetracyclines
action & important stuff
inhibit protein synthesis
- discoloration of teeth, photosensitivity, teratogenic & decrease contraceptive fxn
- sit up for 30mins after taking
- no dairy or antacids
- hepato toxic
macrolides
drug names & action & important stuff
erythromycin, azithromycin “thromicin”
- inhibit protein synthesis
- throws ECG for long QT waves -> ventricular dysrhythmias
- hepato toxic, ototoxic
aminoglycosides
drug names & action & important stuff
gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin
- inhibit protein synthesis
- teratogenic
- muscle aches, cramping normal
- renal toxic, ototoxic
- cystic fibrosis
fluoroquinolones
drug names & action & important stuff
“floxacin”
- inhibit DNA replication
- achilles tendon rupture
- photosensitivity, liver toxic
- pneumonia, UTI
- often combined with phenazopyradine
common side effect of phenazopyradine
orange urine (harmless)
sulfonamides
drug name & action & important stuff
trimethoprim
- inhibit folic acid synthesis -> take folic acid supplements
Sunburn - photosensitivity
Urine crystals
Love water (give w.)
Folic acid daily
- decrease oral contraceptive effectiveness
- NOT for pregnant/nursing
what are the 2 urinary tract antiseptics abx
nitrofurantoin
methenamine
nitrofurantoin & methenamine
action & important stuff
inhibit folic acid synthesis
- stains teeth & brown urine (harmless)
- photosensitivity
- NOT for pregnant & kidney impaired
