Immunity 3

Question 1

Specific Immunity
B-cells
-
-
T-cells
-

B Lymphocytes
how do they act? activation? division? 2 different cells and purposes.

Answer 1

B-cells
- Attack free virus
- Antibody reaction
T-cells
- Attack infected cells

B Lymphocytes
- Bind to antigen
- Become activated (Helper T cells, cytokines help)
Divide and differentiate into
- Plasma cells * secrete antibodies
- Memory cells * stronger second response

Question 2

Antibody Response
what do they do? how do they destroy pathogens

Memory Cells
USE? Eg.

Answer 2

Antibody Response
Antibodies bind to antigens
Mark them for destruction by phagocytes and
complement system

Memory Cells
Larger and longer second response
Eg. Chicken pox, flu

Question 3

T lymphocytes
Helper T cells
*
*
*
*
Cytotoxic T cells
*
*
Suppressor T cells
*

Answer 3

T lymphocytes
Helper T cells
* secrete cytokines, activate other cells
* Mediates fever
* Increases # B and T cells
* Necessary for strong response

Cytotoxic T cells
* directly attack infected cells
* Recognize antigen marker

Suppressor T cells
* Limits response, precent overactivity

Question 4

Infection Response
*
*
*

Specific response
Higher B’s
*
*
More T’s
*
*

Answer 4

Non-specific response
* Cough, sneeze, fever
*Higher mucous production
*Interferon / complement and phagocytes active

Specific response
* Higher B’s
* more antibodies (plasma cells)
* Better prepared for second attack (memory cells)
More T’s
* Cytotoxic T – kill infected cells
* Helper T’s – increase overall response / fever

Question 5

Viruses vs Bacteria
what is used to get rid of each
Viruses
-
Bacteria
-
Allergies
-

Answer 5

Viruses
- Lymphocytes will be very active and elevated
Bacteria
- More likely to have higher neutrophils
Allergies
- More likely to have high eosinophils and
basophils

Question 6

Factors affecting resistance to infection
- ….
- …nutrition – especially…
- pre-existing …. – eg. …
- … injury
- …
- state of …
- genetic ….
- hormone …
- Previous …

Answer 6

• infection
• malnutrition – especially proteins
• pre-existing disease – eg. diabetes
• tissue injury
• stress
• state of mind
• genetic disorder
• hormone changes
• Previous exposure

Question 7

Allergies
what is it? activates? leads to? response? eg.

Answer 7

Inappropriate response to an allergen
Activates mast cells
Mucous secretion
Inflammation response
Eg. Hay Fever, hives, anaphylaxis

Inflammatory response to a nonpathogenic
antigen (allergen)

Question 8

Autoimmune Diseases
when does it occur? instead it?
eg.

AFTER

Immunodeficiency
HIV virus
attacks what? reduces what? leads to

Answer 8

• An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system fails to display self- tolerance
• Instead, attacks the person’s own body tissue(s)
  Eg.
  Diabetes I
  Lupus
  Rheumatoid arthritis

AFTER

Immunodeficiency
HIV virus
Attacks helper T cells
Reduces the cytotoxic T and B cell response
BAD RESPONSE TO “normal” infections