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00NCLEX > Immune System > Flashcards

Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Anaphylaxis

A
  • caused by antibodies formed after previous exposure of allergen
  • give IM epinephrine
  • causes loss of vascular tone
  • hypotension
  • establishing intravenous access is essential
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2
Q

Best illustration of natural adaptive immunity

A
  • immunity by cytokines and T-lymphocytes
  • doesn’t include antibodies
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3
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A
  • causes painful spams of fingers
  • stems from stress and cold temperatures
  • can occur with lupus or scleroderma
  • avoid giving epinephrine
  • give CCB
  • wear gloves in cold
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4
Q

Live-attenuated vaccine

A
  • MMR
  • Rotavirus
  • Varicella
  • smallpox
  • yellow fever
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5
Q

Vaccine location

A
  • anterolateral thigh = vastus lateralis
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6
Q

IM injection site

A
  • deltoid
  • ventrogluteal (side of butt)
  • vastus lateralis (side of upper leg)
  • DO NOT give in dorsogluteal (back of butt)
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7
Q

Opportunistic infections

A
  • microorganisms that typically do not cause disease but can take advantage of a weakened immune system
  • ## HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplantation
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8
Q

Oppurtunistic infections examples

A
  • Kaposi’s sarcoma (cancer)
  • tuberculosis
  • candidiasis toxoplasmosis
  • cryptococcal meningiti
  • cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
    • organ transplant
  • Pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infection
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9
Q

Immune changes in elderly

A
  • increase autoimmune responses
    • causes higher risk for illness
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10
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A
  • parasitic infection in immunocompromised client
  • AIDS/HIV clients at risk
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11
Q

Cytomegalovirus

A
  • viral infection that affects organs
  • occurs after organ transplant or chemotherapy
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12
Q

Graft/organ rejection

A
  • graft rejection happens after organ transplant
  • rising AST/ALT/bilirubin is concerning
  • tachycardia, fever, flank. pain
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13
Q

Older adult immune system

A
  • increased autoimmune response
  • T and B cells decrease
  • Lymph tissue decrease
  • ciruclating lymphocytes decrease
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14
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A
  • caused by anesthesia
    • Succinylcholine
  • treat with Dantrolene
    • skeletal muscle relaxant
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15
Q

Lactic acid

A
  • high level can indicate sepsis
  • collect before giving antibiotics
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16
Q

Lactic acid

A
  • high level can indicate sepsis
  • collect before giving antibiotics

00NCLEX (30 decks)

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