Adult Infectious Disease

Question 1

Pulmonary tuberculosis

Answer 1

• recent international travel
• hemoptysis (throw up blood)
• chest pain worsening with cough
• weight loss
• NIGHT SWEATS
• fatigue
• fever
• diagnose through sputum test, xray, PPD

Question 2

Mantoux test

purified protein derivative (PPD) test

Answer 2

• read at 48-72 hours
• 5mm+
  
  • immunosuppressed
  • long term steroids
  • HIV
• 10mm+
  
  • high-risk healthcare workers
  • drug users
  • less than 4 years old
  • recent (5years) international travel
• 15mm+
  
  • positive in any person
• needle at 15 degrees
• thin needle = 25-27 gauge
• 1/2 - 5/8 inches long

Question 3

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

Answer 3

• result from an infection (strep/staph)
  
  • dont use tampons (cervical caps or diaphrams)
• safe to use contraceptive
• life-threatening

Question 4

Syphilis

Answer 4

• highly contagious sexually transmitted infection
• primary stage
  
  • painless chancre (sore) lesion
• secondary stage
  
  • a diffuse rash
• tertiary stage
  
  • cardiovascular abnormalities
• diagnose with Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR)
  
  • confirmed with fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS)

Question 5

Syphilis care

Answer 5

• antibiotics
• doxycycline
• penicillin G
• must report all STI’s

Question 6

Lyme disease care

Answer 6

• antibiotics such as doxycycline
  
  • take with food/liquid low in calcium

Question 7

Lupus

Answer 7

• butterfly rash
• swelling of joints, esp knees
• headache
• sore throat
• stiff neck
• low fever
• anemia
• fatigue
• avoid sunlight
• use moisturizer
• avoid perphumes + antibacterial soap (causes irritation)

Question 8

Gonorrhea

Answer 8

• malodorous vaginal discharge
• increased urinary frequency
• burning urine

Question 9

Cystitis

Answer 9

• cloudy urine
• its a UTI caused by E. Coli
  
  • dehydration is also causative factor
• voiding at regular intervals is NOT RECOMMENDED
  
  • this is done for bladder retraining
  • not for UTI

Question 10

Gonorrhea and cystitis

Answer 10

• Increased urinary frequency
• burning with urination

Question 11

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)

Answer 11

• hard to diagnose, can be fatal
  
  • transmitted via deer ticks
• rash on hands, wrists, feet, and ankles
  
  • within 10 days
• fever
• chills

Question 12

HIV

Answer 12

• viral integration into the CD4+ T-cells
  
  • HIV docks into CD4/T-cell
  • seizes nucleus, inserts DNA
  • body now creates more infected cells
• treatment goal is to LOWER viral load and INCREASE CD4/CD8 count

Question 13

Ebola virus

Answer 13

• travel to West Africa
• conjuctival injection (blood shot eyes)
• fever
• rash
• vomiting
• blood in stool

Question 14

MRSA

Answer 14

• contact precautions
• cover wound with dry bandage
• alcholol sanitizers are good
  
  • bad in C.diff (use soap)
• disposable equipment not needed
  
  • hot water kills pathogens

Question 15

S. pneumoniae meningitis

Answer 15

• life threatening
• central nervous system infection
• antibitoics ASAP

Question 16

Viral pneumonia

Answer 16

• flu-like symptoms
• headache
• fever
• muscle pain
• dry cough
• fatigue/weakness

Question 17

Covid-19

Answer 17

• nausea
• vomiting
• changes in taste and smell

Question 18

Herpes simples virus (HSV)

Answer 18

• visible sore and lesions
• causes painful outbreaks
  
  • triggered by stress
• does NOT cause
  
  • pain during intercourse
  • heavy period bleeding

Question 19

Bacterial vaginosis

Answer 19

• foul-smelling discharge
  
  • thin and white