Child Growth

Question 1

Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 1

• infancy
• birth to 18 months

Question 2

Autonomy vs. Shame and Dount

Answer 2

• early childhood
• ages 2 to 3 years

Question 3

Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 3

• preschool children
• 3 to 5-year-olds

Question 4

Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 4

• school-age children
• 6 to 11-year-olds.

Question 5

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 5

• birth to 2 years
• learns to coordinate senses with motor responses
• curious about world and use their minds to explore
• start to form language and use it for demands
• develop object permanence
• learning about reality and its functionality

Question 6

Preoperational stage

Answer 6

• 2 to 7 years
• use language with proper grammar to express their thoughts
• imagination and intuition are developing rapidly.
• not ready to think complex abstract thoughts
• egocentric and can think in terms of past, present, and future

Question 7

Concrete operational

Answer 7

• 7 to 11 years
• concepts are attached to specific situations.
• ideas of time, space, and quantity begin to develop.
• sort and classify facts and develop abstract thinking

Question 8

Formal operational

Answer 8

• 11 years to adulthood
• theoretical, hypothetical, and counterfactual thinking
• can reason and use abstract logic
• planning for future events and using strategy
• learn concepts in one area and apply them to another area.
• logical problem-solving improves

Question 9

Sleep amounts

Answer 9

• neonates = 16 to 18 hours
• infants = 12 to 16 hours
• toddlers = 11 to 14 hours
• preschool children = 10 to 13 hours

Question 10

Fontanel closing

Answer 10

• posterior fontanel closes by 2 months of age
• anterior fontanel fuses between 12 and 18 months

Question 11

Rickets

Answer 11

• impaired bone development
• deficient
  
  • Vitamin D
  • calcium
  • phosphorus
• delayed milestones
• bowing of the legs
• irritability
• sweating
• delayed closure of fontanelles

Question 12

Developmental milestones

Answer 12

• 10 months
  
  • sitting without support
• 12 months
  
  • begin walking while holding on for support
• 15 months
  
  • stack 2 small blocks
• 16 months
  
  • say more than 3 words

Question 13

Infant diet

Answer 13

• no added sugars
• good
  
  • soy-based yogurt
• bad
  
  • cow’s milk (until 12 months)
  • fruit juice
  • sport drinks

Question 14

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

Answer 14

• multiple fractures
• blue sclera
• family history of bone fragility

Question 15

Maarfan syndrome

Answer 15

• genetic connective tissue disorder
• tall stature
• long limbs
• joint hypermobility
• cardiovascular abnormalities
  
  • aortic root dilation

Question 16

Achondroplasia

Answer 16

• genertic disorder
• dwarf
• short libms
• large head

Question 17

SIDS risks

Answer 17

• preterm (3 months)
• male
• lateral/prone sleep position

Question 18

Infant vital signs

Answer 18

• BP 90/56
• RR 20-40
• Temp 97-99
• HR 90-120

Question 19

Pattern of growth

Answer 19

• cephalocaudal sequence
  
  • growth begins at the head
  • progresses downward toward lower body
  • “head-to-toe”