Child Gastro

Question 1

Hirschprung’s disease

Answer 1

• cure is surgical repair
  
  • pull-through procedure
  • remove segment of large intestine that is lacking nerves
    
    • connect first part to the anus
• portion of rectum not correcty innervated (enough nerves)
  
  • ribbon-like stools
• MAJOR COMPLICATION
  
  • enterocolitus (inflamed intestines)
  • MONITOR FOR FEVER
  • LEADS TO SEPTIC SHOCK
• ganglionic cells fail to develop in large intestine, causing megacolon

Question 2

Omphalocele

Answer 2

• organ outside of body
  
  • through umbilicus but remaining in peritoneal sac
• increased risk for infection and fluid

Question 3

Gastroschisis

Answer 3

• like omphalocele, but no covering

Question 4

Cystic fibrosis s/s

Answer 4

• steatorrhea
  
  • greasy, foul-smelling stools
• meconium illeus
  
  • first sign
  • cannot pass stool
• salty sweat
  
  • hyponatremia
• adventitious breath sounds
  
  • build up of mucus
  • risk for pneumonia (fever!!!)
• risk for hypokalemia
• can lead to diabetes
  
  • monitor glucose !!!

excessive/thick mucus builds up, causing blockages

Question 5

Cystic fibrosis care

Answer 5

• give pancreatic enzymes with meals
  
  • pancrelipase
• high-calorie, high-fat, high-sodium*, and high-protein diet
• connect with another teen with CF

Question 6

Treatment for C. diff

Answer 6

• fecal microbiota transplant
• antibiotics
  
  • vancomycin
  • metronidazole
  • rifaximin
• can cause C. Diff
  
  • clindamycin
  • PPI
  • history of antibiotics
• watery, foul smelling stools

Question 7

Enterobiasis infection

Answer 7

• pinworm
• intense nocturnal perianal itching
• nails should be short

Question 8

Intussusception

Answer 8

• part of intestine folds into section next to it
• red, currant jelly-like stools
• sudden, loud crying every 10-15 min

Question 9

Celiac disease

Answer 9

• gluten-free diet
  
  • salmon and beets
• foul smelling diarrhea
• abdominal distention
• anemia
• osteopenia
• replace fluid and correct electrolytes

Question 10

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 10

• birth defect caues amino acid build up
• leads to brain damage = seizures
• behavior symptoms
• limit protein
  
  • meat
  • dairy (ice cream)
  • eggs
  • nuts/seeds
  • fruits/vegetables are ok

Question 11

Pyloric stenosis

Answer 11

• projectile vomiting
• enlargement and stiffening or the pylorus (opening from stomach to duodenum)
• prevents passage of food which causes vomiting
• palpable abdominal mass

Question 12

Necrotizing enterocolitis

Answer 12

• life threatening
• inflammation
• bacterial invasion
• necrosis of colon and intestine
• distended abdomen
  -hypoactive bowl sounds
• increased gastric residual
• MUST GET X-RAY
• turn off tube feeding
• give antibiotics