Adult Hematology/Oncology Flashcards
1
Q
DIC
A
- abnormal clotting
- depletes clotting factors and platelets
- extensive bleeding from many sites
- emergency
2
Q
DIC caused by
A
- eclampsia
- gram-negative sepsis
- cancer
3
Q
DIC results in
A
- stroke like symptoms
- ischemia = reduced blood flow
- pain
- dyspnea
- tachycardia
- reduced kidney function
- bowel necrosis
4
Q
DIC treatment
A
- red blood cells + plasma transfusions
- Heparin
5
Q
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS)
A
- rapid destricton of tumor cells
- by-products release into blood faster than body can remove
- causes
- hyperkalemia
- hyperphosphatemia
- hyperuricemia
- hypocalcemia
- CAN CAUSE ACUTE KIDNEY INURY (AKI)
- MONITOR CREATINE
6
Q
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) care
A
- three to five liters of water daily
- allopurinol (decrease uric acid)
- may lead to dangerously high potassium levels and an acute kidney injury
- MONITOR CREATINE
- SHOWS EVIDENCE OF KIDNEY FUNCTION
- MONITOR CREATINE
7
Q
D-dimer
A
- protein fragment obtained after clot breakdown
- elevated in
- pulmonary embolism!!!!
- DVT (not accurate)
- DIC
8
Q
Ankle-brachial index (ABI)
A
- used to assess vascular status of lower extremities
- determines distal arterial blood flow
9
Q
Venous duplex ultrasonography
A
- diagnose DVT
10
Q
Transillumination device
A
- helps locate vein if dark-skinned or obese
11
Q
Doppler
A
- auscultate pulses
12
Q
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
A
- vascular acces device
- bruising is common
- blood cultures (d/t risk of infection)
- isotonic fluids
- antibiotics
- infection (top priority)
13
Q
Colorectal cancer
A
- Positive factors
- excercise
- fiber
- screening at 45
- Risk factors
- over 50 years old
- African American
- HPV (vaccine recommened)
- ulcerative colitis
- low fiber
- family history
- smoking/drinking
- overweight
14
Q
Ruptured/rupturing abdominal aortic aneursym
A
- tight blood pressure control is essential!
- give beta blocker to control BP
- atenolol
- monitor vital sigs
- give pain med
15
Q
Sickle cell
A
- high risk for stroke (CVA)
- headaches may indicate stroke
- place in semi-fowlers
- extremities straightened