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Multisystem Midterm > Immune Response (lecture) > Flashcards

Immune Response (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What two cell types are primarily responsible for neutralizing cytoplasmic infections (one is innate, the other is adaptive)?

A

Innate imm. NK cells

Adaptive imm. CTL

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2
Q

What cell is primarily responsible for directly neutralizing vesicular infections?

A

Macrophages (activated by T-cells and NK cells)

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3
Q

What antibody is primarily responsible for clearing epithelial infections?

A

IgA

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4
Q

What are the two primary innate immunity responses to viral infections?

A

Inhibition of infection by Type 1 IFN

Direct killing of infected cells by NK cells

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5
Q

What are the three effects of IFN 1 (IFN-a and IFN-B)?

A

Intracellular sequestration of things a virus needs to survive
Increased NK cell ligands (on infected cell)
Activate NK cells

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6
Q

What is responsible for initiating IFN 1 production?

A

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMP) of viruses

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7
Q

A lack of what MHC on an infected cell induces death from an NK cell?

A

MHC I

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8
Q

What are the two mechanisms by which NK cells kill other cells?

A

Perforin production –> cell leakage

Granzymes –> induced apoptosis

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9
Q

What adaptive immunity cell type is primarily responsible for killing of virus infected cells? What is the other action of the adaptive immune system?

A

CTLs (specialized CD8) directly kill infected cells

Antibodies block viral binding and entry

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10
Q

What are the three actions by CTLs that lead to fighting a virus infected cell?

A

Perforin production
Granzyme release into infected cell
FasL induces apoptosis

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11
Q

Which Ig types are primarily responsible for blocking virus binding and entry?

A

IgG and IgA

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12
Q

What cell type is responsible for Ig type switching?

A

CD4 helpers

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13
Q

Approximately how long does it take for the adaptive immune system to spin up?

A

1 week

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14
Q

Mycobacterium, Listeria and Leishmania are all examples of what type of infective agents?

A

Intracellular

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15
Q

What two cytokines are key in the NK cell - macrophage feedback loop?

A

IL-12 (from macrophages) and IFN-gamma (from NK cells)

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16
Q

What IFN is responsible for macrophage activation?

A

IFN-gamma

17
Q

What adaptive immunity cell type is the first to respond to intracellular pathogens?

A

CD 4

18
Q

What cytokine signals CD4 T cells to differentiate into TH1 cells?

A

IL-12

19
Q

What adaptive immunity cell is the source of IFN-gamma in response to an intracellular pathogen?

A

TH1

20
Q

What complement pathway is independent of the adaptive immune system?

A

Classical (activated by antibodies)

21
Q

What is “the most important” complement protein?

A

C3

22
Q

What C3 protein is responsible for inflammation?

A

C3a

23
Q

What C3 protein is responsible for MAC formation?

A

C3b

24
Q

What cell types are the heavy lifters of adaptive immunity to extracellular pathogens?

A 
B cells (antibodies)
CD4 T-helpers
25
Q

What are the two effects of antibodies in the adaptive immune system in response to extracellular pathogens?

A

opsonization and complement activation

26
Q

What are the three adaptive immune system cell types responsible for fighting parasite infections?

A

TH2
Eosinophils
B-cells (IgE)

27
Q

What cytokine is responsible for signaling Ig switching to IgE?

A

IL-4

28
Q

What cytokine activates eosinophils?

A

IL-5

29
Q

IgE binding to Mast cells results in _______.

A

degranulation - histamine degranulation is key to anaphylaxis

30
Q

How do IL-4 and IL-10 influence macrophage activity?

A

They both result in suppression of macrophages

31
Q

What is the primary IFN and cell type of innate immunity involved in virus defense?

A

IFN-1

NK cells

32
Q

What are the 3 adaptive immune system cells involved in virus defenses?

A

CD8
CD4
B cell

33
Q

What are the two main innate immune system defenses against intracellular pathogens?

A

Phagocytosis

NK cells

34
Q

Which adaptive immune system cells are mainly responsible for intracellular pathogen defense (2)?

A

CD4 (TH1)

CD8

35
Q

What are the two innate immunity system defenses against extracellular pathogens?

A

Complement

Phagocytosis

36
Q

What are the adaptive immune system defenses against extracellular pathogens?

A

B cells
Ig
CD4

Multisystem Midterm (22 decks)

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