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Multisystem Midterm > Abx III (lecture) > Flashcards

Abx III (lecture) Flashcards

1
Q

What pathway is inhibited by sulfonamides?

A

folate synth - needed for nucleic acid synth in bacteria

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2
Q

What is the target of sulfonamides?

A

Dihydropteroate synthase (PABA –> Dihydropteric Acid)

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3
Q

What are the three primary uses of sulfonamides?

A

UTI, meningitis, pneumocystic pneumonia

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4
Q

What is the big adverse effect of sulfonamides?

A

Steven Johnson Syndrome

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5
Q

What are the 4 mechanisms of sulfonamide resistance?

A

Increased PABA production
Decrease synthase sensitivity
Decreased influx
Increased efflux (active)

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6
Q

What is the target of trimethoprim?

A

Dihydrofolate reductase (DHF –> THF)

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7
Q

What is the spectrum of trimethoprim?

A

Broad G+ and G-

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8
Q

What are the three adverse effects of trimethoprim?

A

In folate deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia
Skin sensitivity in HIV/AIDS
Permanent renal damage in renal disease

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9
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of resistance to trimethoprim?

A

Decrease influx
Increased production of DHF reductase
Decreased sensitivity of DHF reductase

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10
Q

What is an absolute contraindication of trimethoprim?

A

Pregnancy

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11
Q

What is the target of fluoroquinolone?

A

DNA gyrase (a.k.a. topoisomerase II)

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12
Q

What is the suffix of fluoroquinolones?

A

“-floxacin”, e.g. ciprofloxacin

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13
Q

What is the spectrum of fluoroquinolone?

A

Broad G+ and G-

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14
Q

What are the 3 signs of toxic drug interaction with fluoroquinolone?

A

Seizures, cardiac arrest, respiratory failure

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15
Q

Are fluoroquinolone used in pregnancy or breast feeding?

A

NO

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16
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolone?

A

Decreased influx
Decrease affinity to DNA gyrase
Acquisition of topoisomerase IV

17
Q

What is the spectrum of metronidazole?

A

anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

18
Q

What is the mechanism of metronidazole?

A

Induce DNA damage

19
Q

What are the 2 drug interactions of metronidazole?

A

Barbituates induce liver enzymes and metabolism of Met

Met interferes with ETOH met

20
Q

What are the 4 common side effects of metronidazole?

A

Headache, nausea, dry mouth, metallic taste

21
Q

What is the MoA of rifampin?

A

Inhibit RNA synthesis and RNA polymerase

22
Q

What is used to treat H. influenzae and menigococci meningitis?

23
Q

What is used to treat both Neisseria and mycobacteria?

24
Q

What is a common side effect of rifampin with regard to bodily fluids?

A

Turn them red

25
Q

What is the mechanism of resistance to rifampin?

A

Decreased affinity to RNA polymerase

26
Q

What is the DoC for traveler’s diarrhea?

Multisystem Midterm (22 decks)

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