Hypersensitivity (Davies + Schaefer) Flashcards
Allergic rhinitis is a Type ____ hypersensitivity and is mediated by Ig____.
I, IgE
Drug allergies are a type ____ hypersensitivity, mediated by Ig__.
II, IgG
Graft rejection is a type ____ hypersensitivity and is mediated by ______.
4, CTL
What cell type is primarily responsible for degranulation and the release of histamine in a type I hypersensitivity?
Mast cell
What is the cytokine released from mast cells that is responsible for promoting inflammation and endothelial activation?
TNF-a
What leukotrienes are released from mast cells and promote smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and mucus secretions (3)?
C4, D4, and E4
TH2 cells release _____ to activate IgE production and ____ to activate Eosinophils against parasites.
IL-4, IL-5
What is the primary cell type targeted during penicillin allergy?
Erythrocyte
______ from a naive T cell will bind with ____ on an APC for co-stimulation.
CD28, B7
What type of selection takes place in bone marrow (cell and name of selection)?
B-cell negative selection
What is the selection process of T cells and where does it take place?
Positive selection in the cortex (CD 4 and CD 8)
Negative selection in the thymic medulla (CD 4 or CD 8)
What are the three immunologically privileged sites in the body?
Brain, eye, testes
What cell type is responsible for suppression of T cells?
T reg cells
What is the fate of a T cell that does not get a B7 costimulation from an APC?
Anergy
T reg cells use IL-___, IL-___, and TNF-___ to suppress activation of CD4 T cells.
10, 35, Beta
What role does Group A Strep play in rheumatic fever (a Type II Hypersensitivity)?
Molecular mimicry induces carditis and polyarthritis
Ankylosing spodylitis is associated with HLA-___.
B27
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is associated with HLA-___.
A29
Type I DM is strongly associated with HLA-___ and ___.
DQ2 and DQ8
What Ig mediates Type I HS?
IgE
What are the mediators of Type II HS?
IgG or IgM and complement
What are the mediators of Type III HS?
IgG and complement
What are the mediators of Type IV HS?
T cells, Macrophages, histiocytes
What is the difference between Types II and III HS?
Type II is antibody mediated
Type III is immune complex mediated
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of Type __ HS?
II
Grave’s disease is an example of Type ___ HS?
II
What are the three primary consequences of HS in SLE?
Glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and arthritis
Type I DM is an example of Type ___ HS?
IV
What is the pathophysiology of Type I DM?
Anti-beta cell CTLs kill Beta cells, preventing insulin production
What blood type is the universal donor? What is the universal recipient?
Donor: O neg
Recipient: AB pos
What protein is used to identify compatible recipient-donor?
HLA
Hyperacute rejection is an example of Type ___ HS.
II
How can a hyper acute rejection be rescued?
Trick question - It can’t
What mediates acute rejection?
Host T cells against HLA alleles
Acute rejection is a Type ___ HS.
IV
Chronic rejection is a Type ___ HS.
III
What is the pathophysiology of chronic rejection?
Immune complex depositions in the vasculature of the graft recruit inflammatory cells –> Immune effects enter the graft tissue –> Increasing immunity causes rejection of tissue
How are acute and chronic rejection prevented and treated?
Immunosuppression
What is the mechanism of Belatacept in immune suppression?
Block B7 on APC, preventing T cell activation
What is the mechanism of cyclosporine and FK-506?
Block NFAT transcription –> Inhibit IL-2 production –> reduced T cell activation
What is the strategy behind long term maintenance of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplant?
Interfere with T cell activation
Bone marrow transplant rejection is an example of ______ (Graft/Host) vs. ______ (Graft/Host) and is mediated by _____ (Donor/Host) _____ cells.
Graft vs. Host, Donor T-cells
