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Multisystem Midterm > Hypersensitivity (Davies + Schaefer) > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity (Davies + Schaefer) Flashcards

1
Q

Allergic rhinitis is a Type ____ hypersensitivity and is mediated by Ig____.

A

I, IgE

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2
Q

Drug allergies are a type ____ hypersensitivity, mediated by Ig__.

A

II, IgG

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3
Q

Graft rejection is a type ____ hypersensitivity and is mediated by ______.

A

4, CTL

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4
Q

What cell type is primarily responsible for degranulation and the release of histamine in a type I hypersensitivity?

A

Mast cell

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5
Q

What is the cytokine released from mast cells that is responsible for promoting inflammation and endothelial activation?

A

TNF-a

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6
Q

What leukotrienes are released from mast cells and promote smooth muscle contraction, increased vascular permeability and mucus secretions (3)?

A

C4, D4, and E4

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7
Q

TH2 cells release _____ to activate IgE production and ____ to activate Eosinophils against parasites.

A

IL-4, IL-5

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8
Q

What is the primary cell type targeted during penicillin allergy?

A

Erythrocyte

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9
Q

______ from a naive T cell will bind with ____ on an APC for co-stimulation.

A

CD28, B7

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10
Q

What type of selection takes place in bone marrow (cell and name of selection)?

A

B-cell negative selection

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11
Q

What is the selection process of T cells and where does it take place?

A

Positive selection in the cortex (CD 4 and CD 8)

Negative selection in the thymic medulla (CD 4 or CD 8)

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12
Q

What are the three immunologically privileged sites in the body?

A

Brain, eye, testes

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13
Q

What cell type is responsible for suppression of T cells?

A

T reg cells

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14
Q

What is the fate of a T cell that does not get a B7 costimulation from an APC?

A

Anergy

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15
Q

T reg cells use IL-___, IL-___, and TNF-___ to suppress activation of CD4 T cells.

A

10, 35, Beta

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16
Q

What role does Group A Strep play in rheumatic fever (a Type II Hypersensitivity)?

A

Molecular mimicry induces carditis and polyarthritis

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17
Q

Ankylosing spodylitis is associated with HLA-___.

A

B27

18
Q

Birdshot chorioretinopathy is associated with HLA-___.

A

A29

19
Q

Type I DM is strongly associated with HLA-___ and ___.

A

DQ2 and DQ8

20
Q

What Ig mediates Type I HS?

A

IgE

21
Q

What are the mediators of Type II HS?

A

IgG or IgM and complement

22
Q

What are the mediators of Type III HS?

A

IgG and complement

23
Q

What are the mediators of Type IV HS?

A

T cells, Macrophages, histiocytes

24
Q

What is the difference between Types II and III HS?

A

Type II is antibody mediated

Type III is immune complex mediated

25
Q

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is an example of Type __ HS?

A

II

26
Q

Grave’s disease is an example of Type ___ HS?

A

II

27
Q

What are the three primary consequences of HS in SLE?

A

Glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, and arthritis

28
Q

Type I DM is an example of Type ___ HS?

A

IV

29
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Type I DM?

A

Anti-beta cell CTLs kill Beta cells, preventing insulin production

30
Q

What blood type is the universal donor? What is the universal recipient?

A

Donor: O neg
Recipient: AB pos

31
Q

What protein is used to identify compatible recipient-donor?

A

HLA

32
Q

Hyperacute rejection is an example of Type ___ HS.

A

II

33
Q

How can a hyper acute rejection be rescued?

A

Trick question - It can’t

34
Q

What mediates acute rejection?

A

Host T cells against HLA alleles

35
Q

Acute rejection is a Type ___ HS.

A

IV

36
Q

Chronic rejection is a Type ___ HS.

A

III

37
Q

What is the pathophysiology of chronic rejection?

A

Immune complex depositions in the vasculature of the graft recruit inflammatory cells –> Immune effects enter the graft tissue –> Increasing immunity causes rejection of tissue

38
Q

How are acute and chronic rejection prevented and treated?

A

Immunosuppression

39
Q

What is the mechanism of Belatacept in immune suppression?

A

Block B7 on APC, preventing T cell activation

40
Q

What is the mechanism of cyclosporine and FK-506?

A

Block NFAT transcription –> Inhibit IL-2 production –> reduced T cell activation

41
Q

What is the strategy behind long term maintenance of immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplant?

A

Interfere with T cell activation

42
Q

Bone marrow transplant rejection is an example of ______ (Graft/Host) vs. ______ (Graft/Host) and is mediated by _____ (Donor/Host) _____ cells.

A

Graft vs. Host, Donor T-cells

Multisystem Midterm (22 decks)

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