ILA: GORD Flashcards
Which substance is secreted by D cells?
Somatostatin
Which substance is secreted by enterochromaffin (ECL) cells?
Histamine
Which substance is secreted by G cells?
Gatrin
What do chief cells produce?
Pepsinogen
What is the function of intrinsic factor produced in the stomach?
Allow absorption of vitamin B12 in terminal ileum.
How do NSAIDs irritate the stomach?
By inhibition of gastrointestinal mucosal cyclo-oxygenase (COX) activity.
Note: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs lead to the production of prostaglandins.
How many layers of muscle are present in the stomach wall?
3
What is the change in cell type (=metaplasia) seen in the lower oesophagus after prolonged acid reflux?
Stratified squamous to columnar
Note: this is Barrett’s oesophagus - can be pre-cancerous but rarely is.
What is the action of the proton pump on parietal cells of the stomach?
K+ into cell, H+ out of cell
You are trying to design a drug to act on histamine receptors on parietal cells to help patients with reflux disease. What would be the mechanism of this drug?
Inhibits histamine 2 receptor to reduce acid secretion.
What action does the vagus nerve have on parietal cells?
Part of parasympathetic nervous system - releases acetylcholine onto parietal cells.
What does the common bile duct drain into?
Duodenum
Which vessel supplies arterial blood to the jejunum?
Superior mesentery artery
What is the function of the drug “Omeprazole” on the GI tract?
Inhibition of proton pump to reduce acid secretion.
What is the first location that fat is acted upon by lipase enzymes when passing through the GI tract?
Oral cavity (lingual lipase)
