EOM: IMMS Flashcards
What are microtubules made up of?
Tubulin
Describe what happens during anaphase.
- Chromosomes move towards opposite poles
- There is no nuclear membrane
What type of epithelium is found in the walls of the vagina?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous
What type of epithelium is found in the pleural cavity?
Squamous mesothelium
What type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar interspersed with goblet cells
What type of epithelium is found in the duodenum and small intestine?
Simple columnar
What type of epithelium is found in the ureter?
Urothelium - a mix of pseudostratified and stratified (described as having an umbrella), non-keratinised and can stretch.
Where is ciliated epithelia found?
Respiratory tract and fallopian tubes
Define a supersecondary structure.
A combination of secondary structures (often consist of combinations of alpha and beta structures) e.g. zinc finger, helix-turn-helix.
Define locus heterogeneity.
Mutations of various genes that give the same clinical condition e.g. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Define allelic heterogeneity.
Also known as heterogeneity, when many mutations in one gene cause a condition so all individuals with the disease have the same mutations e.g. cystic fibrosis
Define allelic polymorphism.
When more than one allele can be found for a given gene within the normal population
What are the components of cell membranes?
- Cholesterol
- Glycolipids
- Lipoproteins
- Phospholipids
Which enzyme catalyses 1,3-biphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate in aerobic glycolysis?
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Note: kinase means “enzyme that moves phosphate”
Give the name of 4 enzymes used in both an- and aerobic respiration.
- Aldolase
- Hexokinase
- Phosphoglucose isomerase
- Triose phosphate isomerase
How many kcal are there in one unit of alcohol?
56 kcal
- 7 kcal per gram
- 10 ml in a unit = 8 grams
Define basal metabolic rate.
Amount of energy expended at complete rest
- Hypothyroidism lowers BMR
- Hyperthyroidism increases BMR
What is the role of ATP synthase in oxidative phosphorylation?
Transports protons into the mitochondrial matrix.
What proportion of body water is found in the plasma?
7%
How is cholesterol transported into cells?
Facilitated diffusion via receptor-mediated endocytosis
