EOM: MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards
Which component of bone confers the mechanical property of stiffness?
Mineral
Which of these are dietary sources of phosphate?
- Black tea
- Bread
- Chicken
- Oranges
Chicken
Which of these factors is the main regulator of serum calcium concentration?
- Cortisol
- FGF-23
- Parahyroid hormone
- Thyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone
- Secreted by parathyroid glands in response to low serum calcium concentration
- Leads to increased bone turnover renal calcium absorption and conversion of 25OH vitamin D to 1.2(OH)2 vitamin D (increases gut calcium absorption)
- Thyroid hormone and cortisol can affect serum calcium via bone turnover and renal calcium excretion, but are not the primary regulator
- FGF-23 regulates phosphate
What do tendons and ligaments have in common?
- Sustain high tensile strength
- Are sparsely vascular, which makes healing difficult
- Main protein constituent is collagen
Note: tendons attach muscle to bone, ligaments attach bone to bone
Name a physiological function of synovial fluid.
Reduce friction with joint movement
Which knee ligament is commonly injured in twisting injuries?
Anterior cruciate ligament
- Provides rotational stability and resists anterior translation of the tibia
- Posterior cruciate ligament resists posterior translation of tibia
- Medial collateral ligament resists valgus force on the knee
- Lateral collateral ligament resists varus force
Which of the following is a source of uric acid?
- Adenine
- Cytosine
- Thymine
- Uracil
Adenine
Which bone cells sense strain in the skeleton?
Osteocytes
- Osteoblasts which become embedded in bone matrix
- Sense mechanical strain and send signals to osteoblasts to increase bone formation
- Decrease formation when strain is low
Name the third stage of fracture healing.
Repair (haematoma, inflammation, repair and remodelling)
What is skeletal muscle contraction generated by?
Attachment and detachment of myosin heads on actin filament
