IFSTA 14 Foam Flashcards by Mike Conway

define mechanical foam

3rd 480

Foam produced by physical adaptation of a mixture including phone concentrate water and air

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define proportioning

3rd 480

Mix of water with an appropriate amount of foam concentrate in order to form a foam solution

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define aeration

3rd 480

Introduction of air into a foam solution to create bubbles resulting in finished foam

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Define eduction

3rd 480

Process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner

concentrate is drawn into water by Venturi method

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define foam concentrate

3rd 480

Raw chemical compound solution that is mixed with water in air to produce finish foam

maybe protein, synthetic, acqui film forming, high expansion, or alcohol based

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define foam solution

3rd 480

Result of mixing appropriate on a foam concentrate with water exist between proportioner and the nozzle or aerating device

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 what two categories are class B fuels divided into
3rd 480

Hydrocarbon fuels

polar solvent fuels

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define hydrocarbon fuel

3rd 481

petroleum based organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

Oil fuel oil gasoline benzene kerosene

specific gravity less than one will float on water

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define polar solvent fuel

3rd 481

Liquid having a molecule where the positive negative charges are permanently separated resulting in their ability to ionize and solution and create electrical conductivity

Alcohol acetone ketones Esther’s

Mixes well with water

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define miscible

3rd 481

Materials that are capable of being mixed and all proportions

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Class B hydrocarbon fuels that have been blended with 15% solvent additives like gasoline and ethanol should be treated as what
3rd 480

Polar solvents

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in which three ways does foam extinguish and or suppress vapors
3rd 481

Separating - Barrier between fuel/fire
cooling - Lowers temp
suppressing/smothering vapors

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Most firefighting foam concentrates are formulated to mix with water at what percentages
3rd 482

.1% to 6%

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At what percentage are class A foams typically proportioned
3rd 482

.1% to 1%

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what four methods are used to proportion foam

3rd 482

education
injection
batch mixing
pre-mixing

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define eduction proportioning

3rd 483

Pressure of a water stream drafts foam concentrate through use of an eductor by Venturi effect

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define injection proportioning

3rd 483

External pump or head pressure forces from concentrate into fire stream at the correct ratio for flow desired

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define batch mixing proportioning

3rd 483

Foam concentrate is poured directly into tank of water

simplest but most inaccurate method

used on class A foam

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define premixing proportioning

3rd 484

Mixing pre-measured portions of water and foam in a container examples include extinguishers

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name 4 methods for storing foam

3rd 484

Pails
barrels
totes
apparatus tanks

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define pails storage containers of foam

3rd 485

5 gallons

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define barrel storage of foam

3rd 485

55 gallons industrial applications

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define tote foam storage

3rd 485

275 gallon container box storage

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what is the typical range of capacity for municipal fire apparatus foam tanks
3rd 485

20-200 gal

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``` class A foam concentrate 3rd 486 ```

``` for use on class A fires hydrocarbon-based surfactants which act as wetting agents. reducing the surface tension of water & allowing it to soak in better ``` 20 year shelf life .1% - 1% proportioning

define surfactant

chemical which lowers the surface tension of a liquid, making it spread more rapidly

Class A foam application rate range for overhaul | 3rd 488

.2% - .5%

Class A foam proportioning range for exposure protection | 3rd 488

.5% - 1%

``` class A foam proportioning range with a air aspirating nozzle 3rd 488 ```

.3% - .7%

``` class A proportioning range with CAFS 3rd 488 ```

.2 - 5%

define application rate | 3rd 488

The minimum amount of foam solution must be applied to control the spread or extinguish the fire

``` what are three common application needs for class A foam 3rd 488 ```

Areas requiring maximal penetration vertical surfaces | surfaces of fuels

``` What factors may affect the breakdown process of class A foam 3rd 488 ```

``` Heat of a fire height of a flame air temperature wind conditions duration of the process ```

``` define synthetic class B foam 3rd 488 ```

mixture of thorough surfactants and proteins derived from animals

``` what is the shelf life of class B protein based foam 488 ```

10 years

``` what is the shelf life of synthetic class B foam 488 ```

20-25 years

True or false foam concentrates are the same type which have been manufactured by the US military may be mixed at any time with no adverse effects 489

true

``` class B foams are mixed and proportioned from one percent to what 490 ```

1% - 6%

``` class B foam expansion is based on what 4 factors 490 ```

Type of foam concentrate accuracy proportioning quality of concentrate method of aeration

NF PA 11 defines low expansion foam as what ratio | 490

20:1

NFPA 11 defines medium expansion foam at what ratio | 490

20:1 - 200:1

NFPA defines high expansion foam as having what ratio | 490

200:1 - 1000:1

In order to calculate the application rate available for my specific nozzle divide the flow rate by what 491

area of the fire

define protein based foam concentrates | 492

Concentrate consisting of proteins hydrolysate and additives prevents corrosion & bacterial decomposition Less fluid then low expansion foams when applied fuel source

define flouroprotein foam | 492

concentrate is a combination of protein based and synthetic foams. the additives provide better flow & longer effectiveness of vapor suppression

define aqueous film forming foam | 492

Synthetic from concentrate when combined with water forms a vapor barrier for spills and fires. effective as an extinguishing agent, blanketing hydrocarbon fuels

define alcohol resistant aqueous film forming foam concentrate 493

aqueous film forming foam designed to use on polar solvent & hydrocarbons fuels 3-6% 1-6% hydrocarbon

define high expansion foam | 494

``` Detergent based low water content less runoff minimizing water damage ideal for confined spaces fixed extinguishing systems class A fire application 1:1000 ratio ```

what two mechanical methods are used to proportion foam | 494

Venturi effect | pressurized proportioning devices

What are three types of portable foam proportioner’s

In line eductor foam hand nozzle eductor self educting master stream nozzles

While using an in-line eductor, the pressure at the discharge side must not exceed what percentage of the inlet pressure 495

70%

define around the pump proportioner | 498

Apparatus mounted foam proportioner in which a small quantity of water is diverted from the Apparatus pump through an in-line proportioner picking up the foam most common apparatus mounted foam proportioner in-service

define bypass type balanced pressure proportioner | 499

proportioner that operates in tandem with a fire water pump to ensure proper foam concentrate to water mixture One of the most accurate used on large mobile apparatus

define variable flow variable rate direct injection system | 500

System that injects the correct amount of foam into the pump piping thereby supplying all discharges with foam system automatically monitors and operates the hose lines to maintain consistent quality of foam solution

define variable flow demand type balanced pressure proportioner 500

Proportionally system that is using both fixed and mobile applications it has variable speed mechanism driving the foam pump and automatically monitors the flow of foam to produce an affective foam solution

Define batch mixing

simplest method operator pours appropriate amount of concentrate directly into water tank ``` generally for class A foams only once call completed,flush entire tank ```

High energy foam generating system/CAFS

compressed air introduced to foam solution prior to discharge turbulence created by it creates finished foam .1% - 1% longer stream reach durable uniformed bubbles finished product adheres better, longer hose lines & weighs less higher costs additional training hose easier kink

``` for safety reasons, When flowing class A foam - Nozzle flow rate should be what 503 ```

The same as for plain water

Low expansion foam may be delivered by what

Handline nozzles or master stream nozzles

Smoothbore Nozzles are limited to what type of foam | 504

Class A foam from CAFS

Fog nozzles are not an acceptable choice for delivering what type of foam 504

Fluoroprotein foams or on Incidences involving polar solvents

Air aspirating foam nozzles are the only nozzles that should be used with what type of concentrates 504

Protein and fluoroprotein concentrates

Direct application foam technique | 506

Method of fire attack with class A foam. consists of applying finished foam directly onto burning material

Roll on method of foam application technique | 506

Method used for applying class B foam Directing stream on ground near edge of burning liquid spill ideal for use on pool of liquid on open ground

Bank down method for applying foam | 506

To be employed with class B foam when a vertical surface is near or within a pool of liquid

rain down method of foam application | 506

When roll-on or bank down method are not practical due to elevation of fuel above grade rain down method they be employed most common method

NFPA 1150

Standard on foam chemicals for fire in class A fuels