Engine Ops Flashcards
Classical decision making
step by step logic analyze the situation identify problem create solutions
naturalistic decision making
intuitive reaction sights sounds memory
The three categories of fire service training
self study
company training
multiunit
Flashover
between growth in fully developed stages
all substances reach ignition temperature at once
Backdraft
during decay stage
heated gases reach ignition temperature and explode when oxygen is introduced
Thermal layering
Gases layer up do the temperature differences
Stratification
Layering of smoke and gas clouds during fire
pyrolysis
Combustible gas is driven from substances due to heat it feels
Four stages of fire growth
incipient- ignition chain reaction occurs
growth- development rollover extension
fully developed- all contacts involved
decay- all oxygen consumed reversal air movement
Heat release rate of modern materials compared to ordinary
Modern materials do this 10X faster than older materials
Hydraulic ventilation
Fog nozzle 2’ from opening 80% of opening covered
Ventilation considerations
where is the fire
what is currently ventilated
what effect will further vent have
where are the hose lines
Five steps in risk assessment
Life hazard fire conditions victim survivability structural stability resources
Tactical withdraw
Transition offense of the defensive remove crews from structure from top down
Water conversion to steam ratio
1:1700 at 212 degrees
Reach of mercury monitor
Smoothbore/ Street stream 185 feet medium fog 50 feet
wide fog 25 feet
Estimating hose line stretches per a structure
setback + width + length + 25 feet per floor + 50 feet at point of attack
Adults
Advanced fire conditions defensive operations unknown fire location large open area tons of water standpipes
what actions can only the engine officer call for?
water open nozzle stream type and direction line advancement or retreat stream shut down
Latent heat of vaporization
quantity of heat absorbed by substance when it changes from a liquid to a vapor
Time available to Flowmaster streams with no water supply
60 to 90 seconds
Fixed gallonage fog nozzle
Preset GPM regardless of pattern standard 100 psi low pressure 50 to 75 psi
Select gallonage fog nozzle
Operator manually change is GPM
Nozzle reaction
smoothbore
equation
1.57 X D^2 X NP
Nozzle reaction equation fog nozzle
.0505 X GPM X Square root of nozzle pressure
50 psi = 7.05
80 psi = 8.9
100 psi = 10
Three elements needed prior to a response
Incident type
location address
run order
Roll over
Flames present in layers of smoke occurs during growth phase
Victim survivability profiling
Human threshold for heat 212°
oxygen less than 10% atmospheric death
CEO at 200 ppm dead for 12 seconds
Except for single-family dwellings it is important to determine positioning for at least the first ——- engine companies in the ——— truck companies during preplanning
2 engines
1 truck
How often should companies attempt to conduct a building walk-through
Once a tour
Today’s fires burn at a rate ——- times faster with rapidly increasing he compared to fires just 20 years ago
10
When does flash over occur
Between growth in fully developed stages
Define radiation feedback
Ceiling and walls heat the smoke and gases giving off by the burning materials and the combustible contents of the room
Define heat release rate
Energy released overtime
Smoke density and color together or indicator of what
Flammability
Velocity and pressure are indicators of what two things
amount of heat and flowpath
What does smoke volume indicate
Amount of fire and fuel
When does size up begin
Prior to the call walk-throughs training
Define lift
Smoke level rising increasing the distance of clean air at the floor level
If smoke is encountered from floor to ceiling companies must check wear for possible fire
Floor below
How fast Smoke is moving is a good indicator of the fires —— and it’s ——to the fires location
Intensity and proximity
what two categories are greatest threat to safety on the fireground?
Advanced fire conditions
collapse potential
with CO levels at 200,000 ppm human is unconscious and will be dead in how many seconds
4-12
penciling reduces heat in compartment by what percent
50-60%
If a fire fighter arrives at point of attack with too much hose on the shoulder what type of hose line stretch they do
Alley stretch
how many BTUs can 1 pound of water absorb
970 BTUs
