ICA Module 1 Section 4 Flashcards
What is the function of a footing? A foundation?
To distribute load of building, prevent frost from moving building
List 3 common foundation configurations & footing types
basement, crawlspace, slab on grade
What is the difference between a strip footing & a pad footing, & where would each be used?
strip runs the perimeter, pad is spaced out, at bottom of foundation
There are several different materials that a foundation might be made of. List as many as you can
wood, concrete, concrete block, terracotta
Why is it critical to document how the crawlspace was inspected?
If there are limitations & you can’t inspect everything the clients needs to know because there could be concealed damage
Explain the difference between a live load & a dead load. Give examples
Dead= weight of building
Live= includes weight of people, snow, wind, rain
EX: people, move around
What is the difference between a pilaster & a pier
pilaster used to thicken foundation wall, pier support foundation
When a foundation ;is supported on piles, are the piles typically visible for inspection?
No
Name 4 causes of cracks in a foundation
settlement, shrinkage, horizontal force, heaving
Explain the difference between uniform settlement & differential settlement
not settling at the same time, settling together
What is a shrinkage crack & what causes it?
when concrete shrinks, drying/curing of the concrete
Describe a typical shrinkage crack
vertical or diagonal
What is the main implication of a shrinkage crack?
None
If you identify a foundation crack, is it possible to determine the rate of movement at the time of the inspection?
No
Is it a good idea to inspect the neighborhood as you are arriving at an inspection. What kinds of things should you look for and how can they help you in your inspection?
yes, structure problems, help identify clients house
In general, which crack would be more serious? A crack that has moved in one place or a crack that has moved in 2 different planes?
2
It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a settlement problem and a heaving problem. Give a few examples of how you would distinguish between the two
?
Cracks due to horizontal forces rarely result in a structural problem. T/F
False
Often horizontal forces will cause horizontal cracks in a foundation wall. Why might the crack disappear near the edge of the wall?
walls are restrained
In your own words, define lateral support as it applies to foundation
It’s the start for a structure to be supported from moving side to side
Why might a damaged foundation wall start to move suddenly after a heavy rain?
rain can cause a lot of pressure against walls
Which is stronger, a poured concrete wall or concrete block wall of the same dimensions?
poured
In your own words, describe a cold joint as it relates to a concrete foundation
the joint that’s made in the middle from pouring the foundation at two different times
The foundation should extend far enough out of the ground that the wood members are not below grade. Why?
wood will rot
List 5 structural components of floors, as defined in this unit
sills, columns, beams, joists, subflooring
All of these may be floor functions EXCEPT
a. transferring live & dead loads to the foundation
b. providing lateral support for foundation walls
c. carrying the weight of masonry chimneys
carrying the weight of masonry chimneys
Floors will bend a little before they break T/F
True
Why is wood contact with concrete near or below grade level discouraged?
Rot
What is the main function of sills?
connect top of foundation to wood floors from above
Why are spotted sills a problem? (3 answers)
settlement in walls & floors above, rotted joists, & studs, no longer anchored to foundation
How are sills anchored to foundations?
anchor, bolt
List 5 common sill problems
rot, insect damage, crushed, not properly anchored, missing
Columns transfer live & dead loads from:
A. joists to footings
B. beams to footings
C. joists to soil directly
D. subfloors to joists
E. subfloors to footings
beams to footings
List 5 common column materials
wood, concrete, concrete block, steel, brick
List 12 common column problems
missing, rusting, rotting, leaning, sagging, insect damage
Which column materials are susceptible to crushing?
concrete, wood
How wide should the top of a column be, relative to the width of the beam above?
for width
How may steel columns be fastened to steel beams? (list 3)
bolts, weld, metal tabs
What tool, in addition to your eyes, is commonly used to inspect columns?
level
Columns are most likely to rot at:
A. the top
B. the middle
C. the bottom
the bottom
Beams carry loads from (4 answers)
A. floors
B. walls
C. roofs
D. footings
E. columns
floors, walls, roofs, columns
The 2 most common beam materials are:
wood, steel
List 4 types of engineered wood products used for beams
laminated, laminated veneer lumber, laminated strand, parallel strand lumber
A beam notched at the top is more likely to cause failure than one notched at the bottom. T/F
False
Beams rest on (2 answers)
foundations & columns
The ends of beams should have at least _ inches of bearing
3
List 14 common beam problems
rot, rust, insect damage, sag, split, poorly connected
Where is rust MOST likely to be found on a steel beam?
a. the top
b. the end
c. the middle
d. in the web only
the end
Beams sag because they are over _____. Another way saying that they are under _______.
over spanned, under silled