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ICA > ICA Module 1 Section 3 > Flashcards

ICA Module 1 Section 3 Flashcards

1
Q

3 main functions of roofs:

A

*protect from elements
*appeal
*support equipment

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2
Q

The roof covering is typically part of the structure of the home. T/F

A

False

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3
Q

What is the fundamental difference in strategy between a flat-roof surface & a sloped-roof surface?

A

Steep=Shed Water
Flat=uses membrane makes watertight seal

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4
Q

Is a sloped-roof waterproof?

A

No
Ice damming can cause leakage in roof

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5
Q

What is the pitch of the roof & how is it usually expressed?

A

Slope
Rise over the run

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6
Q

What is the overall goal of the roof inspection? (4)

A

Identify roof material
Is it installed properly
Leaking
Near end of life

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7
Q

Even if you walk on the roof & inspect every inch, there are limitations to your inspection. Explain

A
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8
Q

Why can a minor leak be more of a problem than a major one?

A

Might not be able to notice minor leaks right away as to a major leak would be seen right away

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9
Q

List 9 common roof problems you might find:

A

old, damaged, patched, missing evaged? fasteners poorly installed, leaking, vulnerable areas, ide damming, multiple layers

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10
Q

On a 10-year-old house, how old would you expect the roof surface to be?

A

10

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11
Q

What are the causes of aging? List as many as you can.

A

UV light, light/dark in center, ventilation, exposure to winds, foot traffic

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12
Q

Which side of a roof will wear faster in climates where ultraviolet light is the main aging factor?

A

South & West

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13
Q

In general, is there a higher risk of leakage at a patched area of roof?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Anything that restricts the drainage of water is a vulnerable area. As many as you can list.

A

Ice damming, wide chimneys, changes in materials, skylights

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15
Q

What things might you see that suggest patching has been done on a roof?

A

different color roofing, caulking

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16
Q

Once a roof is installed, can you see all the important installation details?

A

No

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17
Q

What is an ice dam?

A

melting of frozen snow

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18
Q

Which of the following roofs are MOST prone to ice dam?
a. A steep-sloped roof w/a wide soffit
b. A low-sloped roof w/a narrow soffit
c. A low-sloped roof w/a wide soffit

A

flow slope with wide soffit

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19
Q

What areas of the roof are MOST prone to ice dams?

A

lower face of roof/eaves

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20
Q

List the clues that a house may have had or may be prone to ice damming. Possibly evident in summer as well.

A

wall/ceiling damage, shingle damage, stained siding, heating causes, poor insulation & ventilation

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21
Q

Which is the best of the options above?

A

wall/ceiling damage

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22
Q

Which is the best options for minimizing ice damming?

A

good insulation & ventilation

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23
Q

What is eave protection?

A

a membrane under the shingles

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24
Q

What are the drawbacks to adding a second layer of roofing over a first?

A

roof weight, short nails

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25
Q

Where can you look on a roof to determine the number of layers?

A

lower edge

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26
Q

What are three parts of an asphalt shingle?

A

Base (felt), asphalt coating, granules

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27
Q

What is the typical life expectancy of an asphalt-shingle roof?

A

15-25 years

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28
Q

List 6 common failure modes for asphalt shingles?

A

cracking, loss of granules, cupping, clawing, missing, deterioration

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29
Q

What things do you look for to determine whether the shingles are old?

A

deterioration/missing

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30
Q

What is the implication of driving nails or staples too deep?

A

Not holding shingles in place

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31
Q

What is the implications of not driving nails or staples deep enough?

A

Loose

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32
Q

You will never find 3 layers of asphalt shingles on a roof T/F

A

False

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33
Q

What are the common failure modes for wood shingles and shakes?

A

Old, Rotted

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34
Q

IN what part of the roof are missing shingles or shakes most likely?

A

Ridge, Hip

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35
Q

Slate (choose 2)
a. is a natural product
b. is a manufactured product
c. lasts longer than asphalt shingles
d. doesn’t last as long as wood
e. is lighter than wood

A

A.C.

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36
Q

Slate roofs are among the most expensive to install and maintain. T/F

A

True

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37
Q

Give 4 reasons for slate roof failure

A

Slates wear out, mechanical damage, fasteners wear out, felt wears out

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38
Q

Should you walk on slate roofs? Y/N

A

No

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39
Q

Name 3 poor slate-repair methods

A

Using different material, using roofing cement, nailing & tarring, replacement slates

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40
Q

What things suggest that the slate is near the end of its life?

A

soft or flakes easily

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41
Q

What general shapes are clay tiles likely to be (give 2)

A

flat, curved

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42
Q

What’s the difference between a Spanish tile and Mission tile?

A

Mission-2 piece system
Spanish-1 piece system

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43
Q

You should always walk on clay-tile roofs T/F

A

False

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44
Q

Give 8 conditions to watch for on clay-tile roofs:

A

poor insulation, cracked, spalling, missing fastener problems, flashing problems, previous repairs, underlying problems

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45
Q

What shapes are concrete tile?

A

flat, curved

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46
Q

What concrete tile conditions should you watch for? (8)

A

poor installation, cracked, spalling missing, fastener problems, previous repairs, underlying membrane problems

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47
Q

Should inspectors walk on concrete roofs?

A

No

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48
Q

Fiber-cement shingles contain some of the same components as concrete tiles. T/F

A

?

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49
Q

Fiber-cement shingles can be bent without breaking. T/F

A

False

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50
Q

Metal roofs are commonly what materials?

A

Copper, stainless steel, aluminum

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51
Q

6 common problems on metal roofs are ______

A

rust, fastener problems, loose, poor insulation, dented, buckled

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52
Q

Another name for roll roofing is_____.

A

selvage

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53
Q

Roll roofing is MOST similar to what other material?

A

asphalt

54
Q

Roll roofing is commonly used in what flashing detail?

A

valley

55
Q

What are the common failure modes for roll roofing (4)

A

cracked, blistered, open seams, buckled

56
Q

Synthetic roofing is typically less expensive in both installation & material costs compared to what material it resembles?

A

wood, slate

57
Q

Is it more common for a roof to leak at the flashings or at other areas in the roof surface?

A

flashing

58
Q

List as many common flashing materials as you can.

A

metal, rolled roofing, felt paper

59
Q

List at least 5 areas where flashing are found

A

valley, vents, chimneys, eaves, skylight

60
Q

Are valley flashings a watertight or shedding type of flashing?

A

shedding

61
Q

Why should open valleys widen at the bottom? (2 reasons)

A

they see more water at bottom, less ice damming

62
Q

2 common materials used for open valley flashing

A

metal, roll roof

63
Q

2 types of closed valleys

A

half woven, fully woven

64
Q

3 typical valley flashing conditions

A

rusted, installation problems, ?

65
Q

Best spot from which to inspect the installation of the valley flashing:

A

eaves

66
Q

Implications of a valley flashing problem

A

leaking

67
Q

List as many valley flashing installation problems as you can:

A

nail location, if nails or cement is used

68
Q

A flashing is not required on the bottom edge of the chimney. T/F

A

False

69
Q

Is caulking an acceptable substitute to letting the flashing into the mortar joints? Why or why not?

A

No, it will fail

70
Q

List as many common masonry chimney flashing conditions:

A

rust, missing, not letted, no cement

71
Q

Implication of poor chimney flashings:

A

leaking

72
Q

Is your chimney inspection finished when you get off the roof?
Why or why not?

A

no, must check below/inside for leaks

73
Q

Pipe flashings might be found at which roof penetrations?

A

plumbing stacked, electricians waste, exhaust fans

74
Q

Common stack flashing materials are_________.

A

rubber, thermolastics, lead

75
Q

What are some common stack flashing conditions?

A

rusted, damaged, installation problems, vertically misaligned

76
Q

Roof/sidewall flashings are similar to what flashing?

A

chimneys

77
Q

Should step flashings be nailed to the wall or the roof?

A

Either or not both so movement is allowed

78
Q

When roof/sidewall flashing is installed, the wood siding can be used as the counterflashing. Why is it considered good practice to keep the siding slightly away from the roof surface? Recommended clearance?

A

Rot, 1-2”

79
Q

Roof/sidewall flashings are sometimes improperly installed/ 3 ex. of installation defects:

A

siding not put back, cut too short, no counter flashing

80
Q

Where a steep roof meets a masonry wall at the side, counterflashing should be used. The counterflashing should be nailed or bolted securely to the face of the brick wall & the joint filled with caulking. T/F

A

False

81
Q

Identify 8 roof/sidewall flashing materials.

A

galvanized steel, aluminum calualume, lead, copper, lead coated copper, plastic

82
Q

Which metal flashing material is not compatible with masonry mortar?

A

?

83
Q

Primary implication of sidewall flashing problems is________

A

Leaking

84
Q

Roofs’ intersecting walls above need flashings similar to _________

A

Chimneys

85
Q

??Top-quality flashings at roofs meeting a masonry wall above 2 piece flashings. Most are ______ piece or _____ homes.

A

?

86
Q

Nailing flashings to both the roof and the wall is
a. better b/c it holds the flashing securely
b. worse b/c it doesn’t allow for movement of the wall & roof.

A

worse, b/c it doesn’t allow for movement of the wall & roof

87
Q

Exposed nail heads through the metal flashing into the roof may result in what?

A

Leaking

88
Q

Some ridge flashing systems have a second function, not related to keeping the roof watertight. What is it?

A

Venting

89
Q

Identify 5 common hip & ridge conditions.

A

missing, loose, rot, rust

90
Q

Fasteners on hips & ridges should be mostly_____
a. exposed
b. concealed

A

concealed

91
Q

There are 2 types of double-glazing systems on skylights: hermetically sealed & ____________

A

vented

92
Q

Which type of skylight is MOST likely to be successful:
a. mounted on a curb
b. mounted directly on the roof

A

curb

93
Q

Windows should not be used as skylights. Anything that has more than a ____ degree slope off vertical should not be treated as a window

A

15

94
Q

List as many common skylight conditions as you can

A

ice damming, broken, not sealed, no flashing

95
Q

Leaking skylights can lead to structural problems T/F

A

True

96
Q

Can ice damming be an issue on skylights? Y/N

A

Yes

97
Q

During an inspection, you should never lift on the edge of a skylight? T/F

A

False

98
Q

On an interior inspection of a skylight, you might use:
a. eyes
b. ladder
c. moisture meter
d. both a & b
e. all of the above

A

all of the above

99
Q

Is a flat-roof system a “shedding” system or a “watertight” system?

A

watertight

100
Q

Why is it often difficult to identify flaws in the membrane of a built-up roof?

A

gravel on top

101
Q

Purpose of the asphalt & the felts in a built-up roof?

A

make watertight

102
Q

Purpose of the flood coat on a built-up roof

A

for gravel to adhere

103
Q

What is the purpose of the gravel on a built-up roof?

A

protection

104
Q

List as many conditions relating to membrane of a built-up roof:

A

old, worn, torn, blisters, aligatoring, gravel erosion

105
Q

Is it good practice to apply new built-up roof membranes over old?

A

No

106
Q

Any roof that still has water on it __ hours after a rain is defined as a “ponding” roof.

A

48 hours

107
Q

Give at least 2 implications of a ponding roof.

A

shorter lifespan, weight on structure

108
Q

If it has not rained in a long time, & there is no ponding at the time of the inspection, what are other clues that might lead you to believe that the roof has experienced some ponding?

A

dirt, algae, vegetation

109
Q

Main implication of exposed felts?

A

leakage

110
Q

If you are looking at a single-ply roof surface with a granular surface, what are some clues to differentiate modified bitumen from roll roofing

A

?

111
Q

9 common problems you will find on modified bitumen roofs. Don’t count installation problems.

A

worn out, open seams, cracking, loss of granules, slippage of membrane, blisters, punctures, ponding, patched

112
Q

List 6 common installation problems on modified bitumen roofing:

A

seams facing up the slope, inadequate overlap, not staggered, poor fasteners

113
Q

For an EPDM single-ply roof, what is the typical flashing material?

A

EPDM

114
Q

EPDM is a kind of plastic or rubber?

A

Rubber

115
Q

The most common sources of failure on EPDM roofs are __ and flashings.

A

Perimeter

116
Q

Asphalt-based roofing mastic should not be used for repairs on EPDM. Why?

A

not compatible

117
Q

A metal surface is a common & inexpensive way to cover large flat roofs. T/F

A

False

118
Q

List at least 4 different types of metal that have been used for flat roofing.

A

steel, aluminum

119
Q

What conditions are commonly found EPDM, PVC, and metal (excluding installation problems)
a. EPDM- give 7
b. PVC- give 11
c. metal- give 6

A

?

120
Q

On steep roofs, the most common are for leakage to occur is at the flashings. Where is the MOST common area for leakage on a flat roof?

A

flashings

121
Q

Why would you not want aluminum flashing on masonry?

A

it will corrode

122
Q

What is a cant strip & where is it used?

A

a transition device, where the wall meets roof

123
Q

The base flashing on a flat roof is a “shedding system.” T/F

A

False

124
Q

On a flat-roof flashing system, the counterflashing is typically attached to the vertical surface or the horizontal surface?

A

?

125
Q

When a skylight is installed on a flat roof, an 8-inch high curb is built for the skylight frame to sit on. Does the skylight frame go over the base flashing or does the base flashing extend up the sides of the skylight frame?

A

Up the sides of the frame

126
Q

What is the purpose of a “pitch pocket”?

A

sealing roof penetrations

127
Q

What is the purpose of a secondary scupper?

A

back drainage

128
Q

When a steep roof drains onto a flat roof, the flat roof membrane should extend about __ feet up under the steep roofing shingles or tiles.

A

3

129
Q

List 11 common flashing problems on flat roofs (not install problems)

A

leaks, worn out, rusted metal, loose, old caulk

130
Q

List 10 common flashing installations problems on flat roofs.

A

missing, too short, not well secured…….

ICA (52 decks)

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