Hyponatremia

Question 1

Hyponatremia: def

Answer 1

Serum Na < 135 mM

Question 2

Hyponatremia: etiology

Answer 2

• Vomiting, diarrhea
• loss of Na in the kidney
• Extracellular dehydration (DEC: Déshydratation extracellulaire), hyper activation of vasopressin -> followed by patient rehydrating himself with hypotonic solution (any kind of drinks is hypotonic). (Créer one hyponatrémie dite de déplétion).
• Intracranial hypertension (Hypertension intra-cranienne), same mechanism as the extracellular dehydration, due to low blood volume -> hyper excretion of vasopressin -> excess fluid isn’t in the vessels but in the interstitium -> causes edema… compensated by hypotonic solution.
• simply due to dysregulated ADH secretion (SIADH)
• patient drinks excessive liquid -> potomania (potomanie)

Question 3

Hyponatremia: S

Answer 3

• asymptomatic if se Na around 130mM

- lower -> nausea, vomiting, seizures, even coma

Question 4

Hyponatremia: T

Answer 4

• supplement NaCl