Hypocalcaemia

Question 1

Hypocalcaemia may be an artifact of low serum ? if not ‘corrected’.

Answer 1

albumin

Question 2

With Low PTH (hypoparathyroidism);

• -Idiopathic/ Primary hypoparathyroidism.
• —-o ?
• -Post ?/? surgery.
• -Post neck ?.
• -Infiltration: ?/?
• -Congenital ? of the gland: ? syndrome.
• -Severe ?: impairs PTH secretion.

Answer 2

autoimmune
thyroid/parathyroid
irradiation
malignancy/sarcoid
absence
digeorge
hypomagnesia

Question 3

With High PTH;

? ? deficiency.
Acute ?.
?.
Acute hyperphosphataemia;
o ? failure.
o ?.
o ? lysis.
Drugs: ?, ?.

Answer 3

vit d
pancreatitis
alkalosis
renal
rhabdo
tumour
bisphosphonates
calcitonin

Question 4

Symptoms;

Peripheral ?;
o Tetany / ?.
o Carpo-pedal spasm.
• Wrist ? and fingers drawn together.
• Happens especially after occlusion of the ? artery, e.g. with a blood pressure cuff: ? sign.
• ? over the ? nerve causes twitches: ? sign.

Answer 4

irritability
flexion
brachial
trosseau's
tapping
facial
chvosteks

Question 5

Sx

Central irritability;
o ?.
?/anxiety.
? paraesthesia.
Cataracts.

Answer 5

seizures
depression
periorbital

Question 6

Investigations;

Serum calcium : ?
Serum ?: high/ low.
o Check parathyroid ? if low.
Serum ? ?: to look for deficiency.
ECG : ? ?

Answer 6

low
PTH
antibodies
vit d
prolonged QT

Question 7

Treatment;

Mild/Moderate symptoms;
o ?: Calcium and vitamin D.

Severe symptoms;
o ? ? IV, ?mls of ?% bolus then maintenance infusion.
o Start ? without delay.
Find & treat the cause.

Answer 7

AdCal
ca gluconate
10
10
AdCal