Diabetic Eye Disease

Question 1

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
Can be non-?(NPDR) or ?(PDR).
PDR is more common in type ? diabetes.
Risk factors are poor ?, ?, ? and ?.

Answer 1

proliferative
2
control
HTN
smoking
pregnancy

Question 2

NPDR;
Usually ?, and always occurs at some severity after ?-?y of DM.
Features on fundoscopy;
o Micro-?.
o ?: due to leaky vasculature.
o Haemorrhages: ?, ?, ? shaped.
o ? ? spots (>? indicates ‘pre-proliferative’ retinopathy).

Can progress into ? diabetic retinopathy.
Management is with good ? ?.

Answer 2

aSx
8-10
aneurysms
exudates
dot, blot, flame
cotton wool
5
proliferative
glycaemic
control

Question 3

PDR;
Characterised by the development of ? ?on the optic ? or ? as a response to significant retinal ?.
o ? leads to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) ?.
The vessels are ?, and likely to ? with the traction that occurs when they are growing forward to give a pre-? or ? haemorrhage.
o Manifests as a sudden ? in ?.

Answer 3

new vessels
disc
retina
ischemia
ischemia
production
fragile
bleed
retinal
vitreous
deterioration
acuity

Question 4

PDR
If untreated, the blood vessels will cause ? and a tractional retinal ?, again leading to loss of ?.
They can also cause ? ? ? glaucoma due to ? neovascularization, known as rubeosis iridis.

Answer 4

fibrosis
detachment
acuity
acute angle closure
iris

Question 5

PDR
Management;
PDR is treated with pan-? ?.
o Aim is to reduce the ? drive and ?production.
? can be used to remove persistent ?haemorrhage

Answer 5

retinal photocoagulation
ischemic
VEGF
vitrectomy
vitreous

Question 6

Diabetic Maculopathy;

Diabetic maculopathy is more common in type ? diabetes.
o Specific type of retinopathy that affects the macula.
o Typically presents as ? of the vision.
There are three subtypes; ?, ? and ?. .
Management is with focal ? to stop focal ?, but ? maculopathies require more complex treatments.

Answer 6

2
blurring
local, diffuse, ischemic
laser
leaks
mixed

Question 7

Cataract formation.
Increased rates of ?-related cataracts in diabetics.
o ? sub-? cataracts are the most common.
Symptoms are trouble with ? sunlight/ headlights and ? vision .

Answer 7

age
posterior
capsular
bright
reading

Question 8

Glaucoma.
Increased incidence of ? ? angle glaucoma in diabetics.
This is ? until the patient has extremely restricted visual ?.

Answer 8

progressive
open
aSx
fields