Causes of Hypercalcaemia

Question 1

In a patient with hypercalcaemia, 97% of cases are due to ? ? or ? .
PTH ? in hyperparathyroidism, ? in malignancy (plus ? calcium).

Answer 1

primary hyperPTH
malignancy
high
low
higher

Question 2

Excessive PTH secretion.
o Primary ?.
o ? hyperparathyroidism.
o ? PTH secretion (very rare).

Answer 2

hyperPTH
tertiary
Ectopic

Question 3

Malignancy.
o ?.
o Metastatic deposits in ?.
o Paraneoplastic.
• PTHrp secretion: e.g. ???(of the lung or other tissues).
• Production of ? factors.

Answer 3

myeloma
bone
scc
osteoclastic

Question 4

Excess Vitamin D.
o ? excess.
o Granulomatous disease: ?/?.
o ?.

Answer 4

exogenous
tb/sarcoid
lymphoma

Question 5

Excess calcium intake.
o ‘Milk-alkali’ syndrome.
–• ? + large amounts of calcium (? or ?) lead to excessive absorption.

Answer 5

antacids

milk/supplements

Question 6

Other endocrine disease.
o ?.
o ?

Renal disease.
o Severe ?.

Answer 6

addison’s
thyrotoxicosis
aki

Question 7

Drugs.
o ? diuretics.
o ?

Hereditary.
o Familial ? hypercalcaemia.

Answer 7

thiazide
lithium
hypocalciuric