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IBI Test I > Hypersensitivity > Flashcards

Hypersensitivity Flashcards

1
Q

true allergy or atopy

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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2
Q

IgE antibody-mast cell mediated in response to antigen

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

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3
Q

sensitization phase

A

Type 1 Hypersensitivity
first exposure to allergen protein that binds haptens

no reaction

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4
Q

IgE to the allergen is produced long term by the plasma cells and binds to ______ on mast cells

A

Fc epsilon R1 IgE receptors

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5
Q

elicitation phase

A

hypersensitivity reaction upon repeat exposure

occurs only after sensitization

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6
Q

allergen cross links the IgE on the mast cell _______

A

Fc epsilon R1

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7
Q

immediate hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

vasoactive amines and lipid mediators

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8
Q

late phase hypersensitivity is mediated by

A

cytokines

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9
Q

mast cells are located in

A

all connective tissue

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10
Q

Fc epsilon R1

A

high affinity receptor on mast cells and basophils

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11
Q

ITAM phosphorylation causes

A

release of preformed mediators
arachidonic acid metabolism secreting lipid mediatiors
activation of cytokine transcription genes to secrete cytokines

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12
Q

histamine is released

A

upon mast cell degranulation

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13
Q

effect: histamine

A

vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, mucous production

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14
Q

proteases are released upon

A

degranulation

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15
Q

proteases cause

A

tissue damage

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16
Q

prostaglandins are released

A

arachidonic acid metabolism

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17
Q

prostaglandins cause

A

vasodilation

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18
Q

leukotrienes are released

A

arachidonic acid metabolism

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19
Q

leukotrienes cause

A

prolonged smooth muscle contraction

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20
Q

synthesized THF-a causes

A

endothelial cell activation
inflammation
neutrophil activation

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21
Q

synthesized IL-4 causes

A

IgE class switching by B cells

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22
Q

synthesized IL-5 causes

A

eosinophil generation and activation

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23
Q

antihistamines

A

reduce the potential for histamine to bind and cause symptoms

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24
Q

H1 antagonists: first gen

A

antihistamines that cause sedation, short acting

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25
first gen H1 antagonists: drug names
diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, doxepin, cyproheptadine
26
H1 antagonists: 2nd gen
antihistamines that are long acting, little to no sedation
27
H1 antagonists: 2nd gen drug names
cetrirzine, levocetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine
28
H2 antagonists
receptors mostly in gut indigestion/heartburn
29
H2 antagonists: drug names
ranitidine and famotidine
30
1st line in anaphylaxis
epinephrine
31
montelukast, zafirlukast
leukotriene receptor antagonists relax bronchial smooth muscle
32
administration: corticosteroids
inhaled, topical, oral, IV, IM
33
allergy shots are
desensitization
34
repeated increasing dose of allergens to help the system overcome the allergy
desensitization
35
cromolyn
inhibits mast cell degranulation
36
mepolizumab reslizumab benralizumab
anti IL-5 therapy
37
duplimab
anti IL-4, IL-13 therapy
38
clinical use: duplimab
atopic dermatitis in adults asthma
39
antibodies can be directed against cells or extracellular matrix components
Type II
40
antibodies/antigens can bind and be directly deposited in blood vessels
Type III
41
complement and Tc mediated recruitment and activation of leukocytes
Type II
42
opsonization and phagocytosis of cells
Type II
43
cell function abnormalities by competitive inhibition or activation
Type II
44
complement activation released C3a and C5a
Type II
45
Type II activates
neutrophils
46
neutrophils generate ______ through ROS and lysosomal enzymes
inflammation/injury
47
associated with strep infection
Type II
48
mycarditis
Type II
49
anemia/thrombocytopenia
Type II
50
autoimmune hemolytic anemia: target
erythrocyte membrane proteins
51
autoimmune hemolytic anemia: pathophys
opsonization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes
52
autoimmune hemolytic anemia: effect
hemolytic anemia
53
autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia purpura: target
platelet membrane proteins
54
autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia purpura: pathophy
opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets
55
autoimmune (idiopathic) thrombocytopenia purpura: effect
bleeding
56
goodpasture syndrome: target
NC protein in kidney glomeruli and lung alveolar basement membranes
57
goodpasture syndrome: pathophys
complements and Fc receptor mediated inflammation
58
goodpasture syndrome: effect
nephritis lung hemorrhage
59
grave's disease: target
TSH receptor
60
grave's disease: pathophy
antibody mediated stimulation of TSH receptors
61
grave's disease: effect
hyperthyroidism
62
myasthenia gravis: target
Ach receptor
63
myasthenia gravis: pathophys
antibody competitively inhibits Ach binding which leads to down regulation of receptors
64
myasthenia gravis: effects
muscle weakness paralysis
65
pemphigus vulgaris: target
desmoglein- protein in intercellular junction of epidermal cells which holds cells together
66
pemphigus vulgaris: pathophys
antibody mediated activation of proteases cause disruption of intercellular adhesions
67
pemphigus vulgaris: effect
bullae (large fluid filled blisters)
68
pernicious anemia: target
intrinsic factor of gastric parietal cells
69
pernicious anemia: pathophys
neutralization of intrinsic factor leads to decreased absorption of vitamin B12
70
pernicious anemia: effect
anemia
71
rheumatic fever: target
streptococcal cell wall antigen; antibody cross reacts with myocardium
72
rheumatic fever: pathophys
inflammation macrophage activation
73
rheumatic fever: effect
myocardities arthritis
74
Type III hypersensitivity diseases
SLE polyarteritis nodosa post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis serum sickness arthus reaction
75
antibody specificity: SLE
DNA, nucleoproteins, other
76
manifestation: SLE
nephritis, arthritis, vasculitis
77
antibody specificity: polyarteritis nodosa
mostly unknown, hep B surface antigen
78
manifestation: polyarteritis nodosa
vasculitis
79
antibody specificity: post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
streptococcal cell wall antigens
80
manifestation: post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
nephritis
81
antibody specificity: serum sickness
protein antigens
82
manifestation: serum sickness
systemic vasculitis nephritis arthritis
83
antibody specificity: arthus reaction
protein antigens
84
manifestation: arthus reaction
cutaneous vasculitis
85
arthus reaction
formation of complexes at the site of antigen injection
86
disease caused by deposition of circulating antibody/antigen complexes in blood vessels
Type III
87
activation of complement and inflammatory cascade by circulating complexes
Type III
88
Type II and III treatment
corticosteroids plasmapheresis IVIg Anti CD20 antibody (rituximab)
89
local autoimmune reaction with T cells directed against cellular antigens within that local tissue
Type IV
90
persistent reaction to chemicals poison ivy, chemicals, metals, triggers
Type IV
91
response to superantigens
Type IV
92
Type IV hypersensitivity disease myelin proteins demyelination in the CNS, sensory and motor dysfunction
multiple sclerosis
93
Type IV hypersensitivity disease unknown antigens inflammation of synovium and erosion of cartilage and bone in joints
rheumatoid arthritis
94
Type IV hypersensitivity disease pancreatic islet antigens impaired glucose metabolism, vascular diseaase
Type 1 DM
95
Type IV hypersensitivity disease unknown inflammation of the bowel wall; abdominal pain, diarrhea, intestinal bloating
IBD chron's
96
Type IV hypersensitivity disease modified skin proteins delayed type hypersensitivity rash
contact sensitivity poison ivy metal allergy
97
Type IV hypersensitivity disease microbial proteins chronic granulomatous inflammation
tuberculosis
98
Type IV hypersensitivity disease viral. encoded proteins cytotoxic T cells cause death, hepatic dysfunction, fibrosis
hep B and C
99
Type IV hypersensitivity disease microbial super antigens cytokine release causing fever and shock
Type IV hypersensitivity disease
100
Type IV hypersensitivity disease treatment
anti-inflammatories: corticosteroids Decrease T cell response of effects: TNF-a, IL receptor antagonists, anti-CD20

IBI Test I (18 decks)

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