DNA viruses Flashcards
are herpesviruses enveloped?
yes
do herpesviruses have a linear or circular chromosome?
linear
what kind of virus are herpesvirus?
dsDNA
herpesviruses replicate using
DNA dependent DNA polymerase
how to herpesviruses get their membrane?
budding from the nuclear membrane of host cell
transmission: HSV1
contact with infected lesions
grouped vesicles on erythematous base
HSV-1, HSV-2
gingivostomatitis
HSV-1
herpetic whitlow
HSV-1
where does HSV1 establish dormancy?
trigeminal ganglia
how do herpesviruses reactivate?
anterograde transport to epithelial cells
herpes labialis, erythema multiforme, keratoconjuctivitis
HSV-1
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV1
“punched out” ulcers on endoscopy
HSV-1
diagnosis: HSV1/HSV-2
PCR/viral culture is gold standard
Tzank smear for multinucleated giant cells
Cowdry bodies
HSV-1, HSV-2
Treatment: HSV-1/HSV-2
acyclovir, valacyclovir
transmission HSV2
sexual contact, perinatal contact
herpes genitalis
HSV2
HSV2 establishes dormancy in
sacral ganglia
how do herpesviruses establish dormancy?
enter sensory nerve and move via retrograde transport into gangle
viral meningitis
HSV2
HHV3 aka
VZV
transmission HHV3
respiratory droplet
direct contact with infected lesions
VZV replicates in
T cells
Chickenpox
vesicular rash caused by VZV (HHV3)
primary infection of _________ in immunocompromised can cause encephalitis and pneumonia
VZV (HHV3)
where does VZV establish latency?
dorsal root ganglia
shingles affects a single __________
dermatome
shingles is often complicated by
post herpetic neuralgia
shingles causes a ____________ nerve pain
burning/stabbing
Shingles nerve pain usually ___________ the rash
preceeds
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
otitis/facial paralysis caused by VZV
blindess due to VZV is caused by
CN V1 branch involvment
blindness due to VZV is called
herpes zoster ophthalmicus
Treatment: shingles
famciclovir, valacyclovir
analgesics to control nerve pain
diagnosis: VZV
PCR is gold standard
Tzank smear
why is a Tzank smear outdated?
poor sensitivity/specificity
HHV4 aka
EBV
EBV is common in
teens, young adults
EBV is transmitted through
saliva
EBV infects B cells through
CD21
EBV establishes latency in
B cells
monospot positive
EBV
classic mononucleosis presentation
pharyngitis
lymphadenopathy
splenomegaly
Burkitt lymphoma
EBV
nasopharyngeal carcinomas
EBV
oral hair luekoplakia
EBV
morbilliform rash after penicillin
EBV
atypical lymphocytes
EBV
transmission: CMV
transplants, through placenta, close contact, sexual exposure
retinitis, colitis, linear esophagitis
CMV
post transplant patient are at high risk for _____ pneumonia
CMV
CMV aka
HHV5
congentital CMV is associated with
sensorineural hearing loss
histopath: CMV
owl’s eyes inclusions
negative monospot
CMV
treatment: CMV
gancicolvir/valganciclovir
cotton wool exudates
CMV retinitis
roseola
HHV-6/7
what ages does roseola affect?
6-24 months
roseola is characterized by
high fever for 3-5 days followed by maculopapular rash that starts on the neck and spreads out to extremities
HHV8 causes _________ in HIV patients
Kaposi Sarcoma
HHV8 inhibits
tumor suppression pathway
HHV-8 causes what kind of rash
discolored skin lesions: blue/red/violet/purple
Poxvirus replicates in the ______
cytoplasm
largest DNA virus
poxvirus
is the poxvirus enveloped?
yes
what kind of genetic material is in the poxvirus?
DS linear DNA
is the adenovirus enveloped?
no
what kind of genetic material is in the adenovirus?
DS linear DNA
what kind of genetic material is in the papillomavirus?
DS circular DNA
what kind of genetic material is in the polyomavirus?
DS circular DNA
what kind of genetic material is in the parvovirus?
SS linear DNA
what is the smallest DNA virus?
parvovirus
causes a “slapped cheek” rash in children
parvovirus
fifth disease
parvovirus
is the adenovirus enveloped?
no
what kind of genetic material is in the hepadnavirus?
DS circular DNA
is the hepadnavirus enveloped?
yes
hepadnaviruses use _____ to replicate
reverse transcriptase
is the papillomavirus enveloped?
no
is the polyoma viruse enveloped?
no
is the parvovirus enveloped?
no
