Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IBI Test I > Gram Indeterminate Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram Indeterminate Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

acid fast bacilli

A

mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why is mycobacterium tuberculosis acid fast?

A

retains stain d/t high mycolic acid content in cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

virculence factors: mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

cord factor
activates macrophages
sulfatides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

cord factor

A

serpintine cord appearance in virulent M. tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the affects of macrophage activation by M. tuberculosis?

A

granuloma formation
release of TNF-a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sulfatides

A

surface glycolipids that inhibit phagolysosome fusion

enable survival and intracellular replication in macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is M. tuberculosis transmitted?

A

inhaled respiratory droplet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TB patients should be placed in ____________ for containment

A

negative pressure isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

TB replicates in

A

macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Activation of macrophages by TB induces __________ by cord factor

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

TB survives due to failure of _________________ due to sulfatides

A

phagolysosome fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

TB forms granulomas with ___________ necrosis

A

caseous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

TB forms caseous granulomas composed of

A

activated macrophages and Th1 cells

**Langhan’s cells may also be seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Granulomas form to

A

contain the bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Risk factors for TB

A

immunocompromised, prisoners, immigrants, healthcare workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Symptoms: TB

A

weight loss, fever, night sweats, cough, hemoptysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the Gohn complex seen in primary tuberculosis?

A

lower lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gohn focus

A

granulomatous focal lesion seen in TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TB replicates in

A

alveolar macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Primary TB may be eliminated but bacteria often survive in

A

large caseating granulomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gohn complex

A

Gohn focus + lymph node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Gohn complex is seen as ________ on CXR

A

focal lesion and hilar adenopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Primary TB: inhaled droplets of bacteria are phagocytosed by

A

alveolar macrophages

24
Q

Latent TB will present with a [positive/negative] PPD skin test

25
latent TB is contained in
granulomas with calcification
26
Patients with latent TB are __________ and have ________ CXR
asymptomatic; unremarkable
27
Secondary tuberculosis is seen in ___________ patients
immunocompromised elderly, AIDS, steroid use, biologic drugs
28
Secondary tuberculosis is due to
failure of granulomas to contain bacterial spread
29
secondary TB is seen on CXR as
cavitary lesions in upper lung
30
miliary TB
dissemination and seeding of TB causing little focuses resembling millet seed
31
what is it called when TB spreads to vertebrae?
Potts disease
32
milliary TB can cause
Potts, meningitis, pericarditis, mediastinitis, skin lesions, hepatic lesions
33
laboratory tests TB
PCR, PPD skin test, IGRA
34
PPD
purified protein derivative
35
The TB PPD skin test tests for
prior exposure and cell mediated immunity
36
immunocompromised patients can present with a _______ PPD skin test
false negative
37
positive PPD skin test diameter for patients with no risk factors
>15 mm
38
positive PPD skin test diameter for patients with risk factors
>10 mm
39
positive PPD skin test diameter for immunocompromised patients or recent contact
>5 mm
40
positive PPD skin tests require a _____ to confirm
CXR
41
IGRA
measures amount of IFN-gamma released by T cells when exposed to antigens
42
IGRA tests for
prior exposure and cell mediated immunity
43
IGRA is ________ over PPD
preferred Bacille Calmmette Geurin vaccination can cause false positive
44
Treatment for TB
RIPE 1st line: Rifampin, Isoniazid
45
no cell wall
mycoplasma pneumoniae
46
grown on eaton agar
mycoplasma pneumoniae
47
cell wall contains cholesterol
mycoplasma pneumoniae
48
transmission: mycoplasma pneumoniae
droplet
49
occurs in young (<30) individuals living in close contact
mycoplasma pneumoniae
50
CXR looks worse than patient presentation would suggest
mycoplasma pneumoniae
51
symptoms: mycoplasma pneumoniae
slow onset: fever, headache, nonproductive cough
52
CXR: mycoplasma pneumoniae
pathy/diffuse interstitial infiltrate atypical pneumonia
53
IgM antibodies agglutinate RBCs under cold temperature
mycoplasma pneumoniae
54
causes hemolytic anemia
mycoplasma pneumoniae
55
treatment: mycoplasma pneumoniae
macrolides, fluoroquinolone
56
is penicillin effective against mycoplasma pneumoniae?
no, no cell wall

IBI Test I (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions