Cytokines

Question 1

TNF-a is secreted by

Answer 1

macrophages

Question 2

TNF-a induces ______ via signaling at hypothalmic nuclei

Answer 2

fever

Question 3

TNF-a promotes _______

Answer 3

inflammation

Question 4

TNF-a works synergistically with _____ and ______ to induces the SIRS response

Answer 4

IL-1 and IL-6

Question 5

TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6 cause the hepatic release of which acute phase reactants?

Answer 5

CRP and fibrinogen

Question 6

activates endothelium to increase vascular leak and causes WBC recruitment

Answer 6

TNF-a

Question 7

Causes cachexia

Answer 7

TNF-a

Question 8

IL-1 is secreted by

Answer 8

macrophages

Question 9

pyrogen

Answer 9

IL-1

Question 10

produces PGE2, which acts on hypothalmic nuclei

Answer 10

IL-1

Question 11

activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules

Answer 11

IL-1

Question 12

induces chemokine secretion to recruit WBCs

Answer 12

IL-1

Question 13

promotes vasodilation and capillary permeability

Answer 13

IL-1

Question 14

secreted by Helper T Cells (Th1)

Answer 14

IL-2

Question 15

stimulates growth of all lymphocytes

Answer 15

IL-2

Question 16

first cytokine produced by T cells after activation

Answer 16

IL-2

Question 17

helps to amplify adaptive immune response

Answer 17

IL-2

Question 18

stimulates NK cells

Answer 18

IL-2

Question 19

secreted by all Helper T cells

Answer 19

IL-3

Question 20

supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells

Answer 20

IL-3

Question 21

secreted by Th2 cells

Answer 21

IL-4; IL-5; IL-10

Question 22

induces differentiation of Th2 cells

Answer 22

IL-4

Question 23

works in an autocrine fashion to amplify Th2 response

Answer 23

IL-4

Question 24

enhances B cell growth

Answer 24

IL-4

Question 25

enhances class switching to IgE

Answer 25

IL-4

Question 26

stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils

Answer 26

IL-5

Question 27

important in defense against parasitic infections

Answer 27

IL-5

Question 28

enhances class switching to IgA

Answer 28

IL-5

Question 29

IL-6 is secreted by

Answer 29

macrophages

Question 30

IL-6 causes ______ via PGE2

Answer 30

fever

Question 31

IL-6 promotes ________ via vasodialtion

Answer 31

inflammation

Question 32

IL-8 is secreted by

Answer 32

macrophages

Question 33

chemotaxis of neutrophils

Answer 33

IL-8

Question 34

anti-inflammatory cytokine

Answer 34

IL-10

Question 35

important for wound healing

Answer 35

IL-10

Question 36

inhibits production of TNF-a, IFN-y, IL-2

Answer 36

IL-10

Question 37

decreases expression of MCH II and Th1

Answer 37

IL-10

Question 38

inhibits activation of macrophages and dendritic cells

Answer 38

IL-10

Question 39

IL-12 is secreted by

Answer 39

macrophages

Question 40

promotes defense against intracellular pathogens

Answer 40

IL-12

Question 41

promotes differentiation of Th1 cells

Answer 41

IL-12

Question 42

activates NKs

Answer 42

IL-12

Question 43

TGF-b is secreted by

Answer 43

most cells in the body

Question 44

major anti-inflammatory cytokine and growth factor

Answer 44

TGF-b

Question 45

implicated in formation of scar tissues

Answer 45

TGF-b

Question 46

produced via leukocytes and virally infected cells

Answer 46

IFN-a, IFN-b

Question 47

slows viral replication by halting protein synthesis

Answer 47

IFN-a, IFN-b

Question 48

degrades mRNA in virally infected cells

Answer 48

IFN-a, IFN-b

Question 49

used in the treatment of viral infections

Answer 49

IFN-a, IFN-b

Question 50

secreted by Th1 and NKs

Answer 50

IFN-y

Question 51

activates macrophages

Answer 51

IFN-y

Question 52

involved in phagocytosis of granuloma

Answer 52

IFN-y

Question 53

creates a reinforcing feedback loop, since macrophages produce IL-12 to stimulate Th1 cells

Answer 53

IFN-y