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Hydrocarbons Flashcards

1
Q

Alkanes are also known as

A

Parrafins

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2
Q

Order of free radical substitution

A

Zero order

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3
Q

Alkenes are also known as

A

Olefins

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4
Q

__________ substitution mostly occurs in benzene

A

Electrophilic

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5
Q

_________ addition occurs in alkenes/alkynes

A

Electrophilic

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6
Q

_________ addition occurs in aldehydes/ketones

A

Nucleophilic

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7
Q

p1 mechanism is also known as

A

a-ß or 1,2 elimination

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8
Q

p2 mechanism is also known as

A

a-elimination or 1,1 elimination

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9
Q

A common name for ethanol is

A

Spirit of wine

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10
Q

Catalysts used for dehydration of alcohols (Alcohol —> Alkene + water)

A

H2SO4
H3PO4
Al2O3
P4O

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11
Q

Rate of reaction of alcohols in order of slowest to fastest

A

Primary < Secondary < Tertiary

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12
Q

%ages of H2SO4 needed fro each º of alcohol

A

Primary: 75%
Secondary: 60%
Tertiary: 20%

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13
Q

Temperature needed for each º of alcohol

A

Primary: 140-170º
Secondary: 100º
Tertiary: 80º

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14
Q

Temperature for hydrogenation reaction with Ni catalyst

A

250º-300º

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15
Q

Temperature for hydrogenation reaction with Pt/Pd

A

25º

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16
Q

Identification test for Alkene

A

Bromination (brown becomes colorless)

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17
Q

What is Visceral dihalide also known as

A

Dutch liquid (bc its oily)

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18
Q

Order of hydrohalogens

A

HF &laquo_space;HCL < HBR < HI

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19
Q

Order of stability of º hydrohalogens (HX)

A

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary (because tertiary has 3 e- donating groups)

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20
Q

What is Markonikov’s law

A

When assymetrical, the partial positive is added to the C with more Hydrogens (pos = more)

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21
Q

What is Karasch rule? What is it also called?

A

Its the anti Markonikov rule, and adds the opposite way when a peroxide is present. Its also known as the Peroxide effect.

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22
Q

Catalyst used for polymerization

A

TiCl4 or Al(C2H5)3

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23
Q

Baeyer’s test

A

Add KMnO4. If purple to colorless, that means alkene is present.

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24
Q

Alkene + KMnO4 —>

A

glycol

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25
What is ozonalysis for
Checks position of double bond
26
Alkene + ozone —>
Monozonide (highly unstable) —> ozonide
27
Ozonide + H2O and Zn —>
Aldehyde/Ketone
28
Alkynes are also known as
Acetylenes
29
Which alkyne does not exist
Methylene
30
Reactivity of alkynes
Alkene (more reactive) > Alkyne > Alkane (least reactive)
31
Which alkyne is most acidic
Terminal Alkynes (1-alkyne)
32
Terminal alkyne + bases —>
Alkylides
33
Non terminal alkynes are
not acidic
34
Ammonial cupourous chloride test (Terminal + that)
Gives red ppt (CuC - CCu) (- is a triple bond)
35
Terminal alkyne + NaNH2 (strong base)
NH3 + R-C- - - C-Na+
36
Terminal alykne + ammonium silver nitrate gives
White ppt (AgC-CAg) (triple bond)
37
Red ppt (CuC-CCu) + H2SO4 gives
Ethyne (Acetylene)
38
To get only alkene from alkyne what do you use?
Lindlar’s catalyst (Pd(BaSO4) or Quinoline
39
Assymetrical alkynes follow Markonikov’s rule in
Both steps 1 & 2
40
Symmetrical alkynes follow Markonikov rule in
Only step 2
41
Which alkyne gives what aldehyde/ketone?
Ethyne gives Aldehyde. All other alkynes give Ketones.
42
Huckel #
(4n+2) πe-
43
What is the structure of naphthalene
2 fused benzene rings
44
What is the name of three fused benzene rings
Anthrasene
45
Who obtained benzene from cold tar
Hoffsman
46
How did Faraday obtain benzene
Destructive distillation of vegetable oil
47
Geometry of benzene
Trigonal planar
48
Hybridization of benzene
sp2
49
C double bond C length
1.34 Aº
50
C single bond C length
1.54 Aº
51
C triple bond C length
1.20 Aº
52
C-H bond length
1.09Aº
53
Avg C-C bond length in benzene
1.39 Aº
54
Which resonating structures contribute more to the real structure (resonance hybrid)? How much percentage?
Kekule structures . 39%
55
What resonating structures contribute less to the resonance hybrid? How much percentage?
DeWar’s structures. 7.3%
56
Which is more stable resonating structure, charged/ionic or neutral
Neutral
57
Resonance energy =
[Energy of stable canonical] — [Energy of resonance hybrid (real structure)]
58
What is the most stable canonical form of benzene?
Cyclohexa-triene
59
Resonance energy of benzene?
152 kJmol
60
CH3 is an electron ________ group
Donating
61
Names of CH2Cl, CHCl2, and CCl3 respectively
Benzyl chloride, benzal chloride, benzo trichloride
62
What is the catalyst used in the oxidation reaction of benzene? At what temperature?
VsO5 at 400-500º
63
Oxidation reaction of benzene makes _________ then __________
Maleic anhydride then maleic acid (but-2-ene dioic acid)
64
Catalyst for aromatic electrophilic substitution of benzene?
AlCl3 / FeCl3 / BCl3 (Lewis Catalyst Acid)
65
Order of reactivity of hydrocarbons
Alkene > Benzene > Alkyne > Alkane
66
Other names of Benzene + Electrophile Intermediate
Sigma Complex, Willard’s complex, Benzenium ion, Arenium ion, Cyclohexadienyl ion
67
Nitrating mixture for nitrogenation of benzene
NHO3 (conc) + H2SO4
68
Conditions for nitrogenation of benzene
Nitrating mixture (NHO3 + H2SO4), H2SO4 catalyst at 60º
69
Chances of OMP nitrogenation
63% ortho, 3% meta, 34% para

Chemistry (17 decks)

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