Alkyl Halides Flashcards
Reactivity of alkyl halides depend on
Bond energy, polarity (more = more reactive) and bond length
What is the hybridization of alkyl halides?
sp3
C-Cl bond length in alkyl halide
178 pm
Alkyl halide bond angle
109.5º
Down the group, H-X reactivity
Increases
H-X reactivity order
HI > HBr > HCl > HF
The __ -carbon of alkyl halides is _____philic in nature
alpha-carbon is electrophilic in nature
Halogen atom is a good __________ group
Leaving group
The elimination reaction (dehydrohalogenation) of an alkyl halide gives an
Alkene
The bond energy of HI is
228 kJ/mol
The molecule undergoing nucleophilic reaction is called the
Substrate
The group leaving the substrate/being replaced is called the
Nucleofuge
Any species ________ or ___________ with an unshared pair of e- can act both as a base and a nucleophile
Neutral or negatively charged
A nucleophile undergoes _________________ reactions
Nucleophilic substitution or addition reactions
Bases give __________ reactions
Elimination reactions
The positive carbon of alkyl carbocation is ____ hybridized and therefore has a __________ structure
sp2 and trigonal planar structure
Alkyl groups are electron _______
Donating
Carbocation stability order
Tertiary carbocation > Secondary carbocation > Primary carbocation > Methyl carbocation
(Most stable) (Least stable)
Unimolecular substitution is ______ and _____ step mechanism
Unimolecular and two step mechanism
SN1: First step is
Slow / rate determining
SN1 mechanism is followed by
Tertiary alkyl halides