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Chemistry > Carboxylic Acids > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

Lactic Acid name

A

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

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2
Q

Simplest carboxylic acid

A

Formic acid

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3
Q

Derivatives of carboxylic acids

A

Acid halide
Ester
Acid anhydride
Acid amide
Nitrile

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4
Q

Common names of carboxylic acids

A

1 = Formic acid (ant)
2 = Acetic acid (vinegar)
3 = Propionic acid (first/fat)
4 = Butyric acid (butter)
5 = Valeric acid (valerian plant)
6 = Caproic acid

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5
Q

Common names of:
Ethanedioicacid
Propanedioicacid
Butanedioicacid

A

Oxalic acid
Malonic acid
Succinic acid

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6
Q

Acid halide IUPAC names

A

-oyl chloride

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7
Q

Esters IUPAC naming

A

alcohol alkyl -yl then carboxylic acid alkyl -oate
-yl -oate

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8
Q

Acid anhydride IUPAC naming

A

-oic anhydride

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9
Q

Functional group isomers?

A

Carboxylic acids and esters

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10
Q

Tautomerism

A

Resonance (switching the bond from one to another)

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11
Q

Carboxyl group bond angle

A

120º

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12
Q

C1-C3 of carboxylic acids are

A

Colorless liquids/pungent smell

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13
Q

C1-C9 are

A

liquids

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14
Q

C10 + are

A

solids with little odor

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15
Q

Carboxylic acids are _______ polar than alcohols

A

more

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16
Q

NO2 is electron

A

Withdrawing

17
Q

Halogens are electron

A

Withdrawing

18
Q

Electron withdrawing substituents _________ the strength of acidity

A

Enhance/Increase/Support

19
Q

Carbonation of Grignard Reagant

A

Grignard Reagant + CO2 (in dry ether) —> Addition product

Addition product + (H3O+) —> Carboxylic acid (one more C than Grignard Reagant)

20
Q

Preparations of Carboxylic acids

A

Carboxylation of Grignard Reagant
Hydrolysis of Nitriles
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes

21
Q

Intermediate of “Hydrolysis of Nitrile” Reaction

A

Amide intermediate

22
Q

Oxidation of Primary Alcohols gives what intermediate

A

Aldehyde intermediate

23
Q

In oxidation of alkyl benzenes what happens

A

Alkyl groups attached to the benzene ring turn into carboxylic acid groups (if more than one alkyl group then one becomes -COOH and the rest become CO2)

24
Q

Color change in oxidation of alkyl benzenes

A

From purple (KMnO4) to dark brown ppt (MnO2)

25
Q

What type of reactions do carboxylic acids mostly go thru

A

Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions

26
Q

Most reactive carboxylic acid derivative

A

Acyl halide / Acid halides

27
Q

How to get acid halides from carboxylic acids

A

SOCl2 or PCl5 or PCl3

28
Q

Carboxylic acids to acid anhydrides needs

A

Dehydrating agent (P2O5)

29
Q

Esters can also be made by adding alcohol and ____

A

Acid halide or acid anhydride
For acid halide pyridine is used to consume the HCl

30
Q

Least reactive derivative

A

Amides

31
Q

Carboxylic acids to amides needs

A

Ammonia to form ammonium salts which on heating produce acid amides

32
Q

Amides can also be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with

A

Acid chlorides, esters, acid anhydrides

33
Q

Reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols needs

A

LiAlH4 + dry ether

34
Q

Decarboxylation reactions need

A

NaOH + (CaO and heat)
Product gives alkane with one less C than parent carboxylic acid

35
Q

Malic acid found in

A

Apples

36
Q

Tartaric acid found in

A

Grapes

37
Q

Oxalic acid found in

A

Vegetables

38
Q

Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate have

A

Have inhibitory effects on growth of fungi

39
Q

Alkoxy carbonyl functional group is present in

A

Ester

Chemistry (17 decks)

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