Carboxylic Acids

Question 1

Lactic Acid name

Answer 1

2-hydroxypropanoic acid

Question 2

Simplest carboxylic acid

Answer 2

Formic acid

Question 3

Derivatives of carboxylic acids

Answer 3

Acid halide
Ester
Acid anhydride
Acid amide
Nitrile

Question 4

Common names of carboxylic acids

Answer 4

1 = Formic acid (ant)
2 = Acetic acid (vinegar)
3 = Propionic acid (first/fat)
4 = Butyric acid (butter)
5 = Valeric acid (valerian plant)
6 = Caproic acid

Question 5

Common names of:
Ethanedioicacid
Propanedioicacid
Butanedioicacid

Answer 5

Oxalic acid
Malonic acid
Succinic acid

Question 6

Acid halide IUPAC names

Answer 6

-oyl chloride

Question 7

Esters IUPAC naming

Answer 7

alcohol alkyl -yl then carboxylic acid alkyl -oate
-yl -oate

Question 8

Acid anhydride IUPAC naming

Answer 8

-oic anhydride

Question 9

Functional group isomers?

Answer 9

Carboxylic acids and esters

Question 10

Tautomerism

Answer 10

Resonance (switching the bond from one to another)

Question 11

Carboxyl group bond angle

Answer 11

120º

Question 12

C1-C3 of carboxylic acids are

Answer 12

Colorless liquids/pungent smell

Question 13

C1-C9 are

Answer 13

liquids

Question 14

C10 + are

Answer 14

solids with little odor

Question 15

Carboxylic acids are _______ polar than alcohols

Answer 15

more

Question 16

NO2 is electron

Answer 16

Withdrawing

Question 17

Halogens are electron

Answer 17

Withdrawing

Question 18

Electron withdrawing substituents _________ the strength of acidity

Answer 18

Enhance/Increase/Support

Question 19

Carbonation of Grignard Reagant

Answer 19

Grignard Reagant + CO2 (in dry ether) —> Addition product

Addition product + (H3O+) —> Carboxylic acid (one more C than Grignard Reagant)

Question 20

Preparations of Carboxylic acids

Answer 20

Carboxylation of Grignard Reagant
Hydrolysis of Nitriles
Oxidation of Primary Alcohols
Oxidation of Aldehydes
Oxidation of Alkyl Benzenes

Question 21

Intermediate of “Hydrolysis of Nitrile” Reaction

Answer 21

Amide intermediate

Question 22

Oxidation of Primary Alcohols gives what intermediate

Answer 22

Aldehyde intermediate

Question 23

In oxidation of alkyl benzenes what happens

Answer 23

Alkyl groups attached to the benzene ring turn into carboxylic acid groups (if more than one alkyl group then one becomes -COOH and the rest become CO2)

Question 24

Color change in oxidation of alkyl benzenes

Answer 24

From purple (KMnO4) to dark brown ppt (MnO2)

Question 25

What type of reactions do carboxylic acids mostly go thru

Answer 25

Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions

Question 26

Most reactive carboxylic acid derivative

Answer 26

Acyl halide / Acid halides

Question 27

How to get acid halides from carboxylic acids

Answer 27

SOCl2 or PCl5 or PCl3

Question 28

Carboxylic acids to acid anhydrides needs

Answer 28

Dehydrating agent (P2O5)

Question 29

Esters can also be made by adding alcohol and ____

Answer 29

Acid halide or acid anhydride For acid halide pyridine is used to consume the HCl

Question 30

Least reactive derivative

Answer 30

Amides

Question 31

Carboxylic acids to amides needs

Answer 31

Ammonia to form ammonium salts which on heating produce acid amides

Question 32

Amides can also be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with

Answer 32

Acid chlorides, esters, acid anhydrides

Question 33

Reduction of carboxylic acids to alcohols needs

Answer 33

LiAlH4 + dry ether

Question 34

Decarboxylation reactions need

Answer 34

NaOH + (CaO and heat) Product gives alkane with one less C than parent carboxylic acid

Question 35

Malic acid found in

Answer 35

Apples

Question 36

Tartaric acid found in

Answer 36

Grapes

Question 37

Oxalic acid found in

Answer 37

Vegetables

Question 38

Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate have

Answer 38

Have inhibitory effects on growth of fungi

Question 39

Alkoxy carbonyl functional group is present in

Answer 39

Ester