Chemical Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

Hypovalent elements

A

Be, B, Al

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2
Q

Hypervalent elements

A

(More than octet)
P S Cl
As Se Br

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3
Q

VSEPR Theory made by

A

Nylholm and Gillespie

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4
Q

Order of bond pairs / lone pairs

A

LP—LP > BP—LP > BP—BP
most least

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5
Q

If outer atoms are more EN, bond angle will

A

Decrease

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6
Q

Linear sp (180º) examples

A

BeCl2, CO2, HgCl2, CS2, NO2+

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7
Q

Bent angular (120º) sp2 examples

A

SO2, NO2, O3, SnCl2, GeCl2

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8
Q

Bent/ V-shape (104-109º) sp3 examples

A

H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
F2O, Cl2O, Br2O, I2O

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9
Q

Trigonal planar

A

AB3 120º sp2

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10
Q

Trigonal planar examples

A

AlCl3, BrF3, SO3, CH3+, CO3 2-, NO3-

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11
Q

Trigonal pyramidal

A

AB3 (107-109º) sp3

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12
Q

Trigonal pyramidal examples

A

NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3, BiH3, H3O+

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13
Q

Tetrahedral

A

AB4 (109º) sp3

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14
Q

Tetrahedral examples

A

CH4, SiH4, PbH4, CCl4, SiCl4, GeCl4, SO4 -2, PO4 -3

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15
Q

AB5 AB6 AB7 AB8

A

AB5 = Trigonal bipyramidal (e.g. PCl5)
AB6 = Square planar bipyramidal (e.g. SF6, SeCl6)
AB7 = Pentagonal bipyramidal (e.g. IF7)
AB8 = Hexagonal bipyramidal

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16
Q

s—s bond has
p—p bond has

A

s—s bond has free rotation
p—p bond has limited rotation

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17
Q

bonds strength order

A

s—s > s—p > p—p

18
Q

Saturated hydrocarbons are ___ hybridized

A

sp3

19
Q

C=C bond length

A

1.34 Aº

20
Q

Unsaturated hydrocarbons are ___ hybridized

A

sp2

21
Q

As s character increases EN ______

A

Increases

22
Q

C—C bond length

A

1.54 Aº

23
Q

Bond length _______ across the period and up the group

A

Decreases

24
Q

Bond length proportional to

A

1/EN

25
Q

Benzene bond lengths

A

1.39 Aº

26
Q

Cation size _____ across the group
Anion size ______ across the group

A

Cation decreases
Anion decreases (but anions are bigger than cations)

27
Q

Covalent radii =

A

Bond length / 2

28
Q

Highest bond energy molecule

A

HF

29
Q

1 mol of H2 has how much ∆H

A

436 kJ/mol

30
Q

BE is proportional to

A

EN

31
Q

BE order

A

C (triplebond) O > C=O > C—O

32
Q

1Aº = ____ cm / _____ m

A

10^-8 cm
10^-10 m

33
Q

1D = _______ esu cm
1D = ________ SI Unit

A

10^18 esu cm
3.34 x 10^-30 Cm (SI unit)

34
Q

Symmetrical = Polar/Non-polar
Assymetrical Polar/Non-polar

A

Symmetrical = Non-polar
Assymetrical = Polar

35
Q

Order of reactivity of polar etc

A

Ionic > Polar > Non-polar

36
Q

Non-polar geometries

A

Trigonal planar and CH4 and CCl4

37
Q

Primary amines more or less polar than ammonia

A

Primary amines are more polar

38
Q

Cis alkene = Polar/Non-polar
Trans alkene = Polar/Non-polar

A

Cis = Polar
Trans = Non-polar

39
Q

Ionic character % =

A

(µobserved / µionic) x 100

40
Q

Ionic = directional or non directional

A

Non directional
(ioNic = NoN)