Human Movement Flashcards
What are the 4 structural levels of the body?
Cells, tissues, organs, and systems
Anterior
Toward the front
Posterior
Toward the back
Superior
Toward the head
Inferior
Away from the head
Medial
Toward the midline of the body
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Proximal
Toward the attached end of teh limb or origin if insertion or midline of body
Distal
Away from attached end of the limb or midline of body
Superficial
External close to surface of body
Deep
Internal, beneath body surface
Cervical
Regional term referring to the neck
Thoracic
Between the neck and abdomen, chest
Lumbar
Back between the abdomen and the pelvis
Plantar
sole or bottom of the foot
Dorsal
Top surface of the feet or hands
Sagital plane
Divides body into right and left
Frontal plane
Divides body anterior and posterior
Transverese plane
ivides body into superior and inferior
Artho
Joint
bi
Two
Brachium
Arm
Cardio
Heart
Cephalo
Head
Chondro
Cartilage
Costo
Rib
Dermo
Skin
Hemo/hemat
Blood
Os, osteo
Bone
ilio
ilium
myo
muscle
pulmo
lung
thoraco
chest
tri
three
What movements happen in the sagittal plane (right and left plane)
Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
What movements happen in frontal plane?
Abduction Adduction Elevation Depression Inversion Eversion
What happens in the Transverse Plane?
Rotation Pronation supination Horizontal Flextion Horizontal extension
What happens in multiplanar plane?
Circumduction
Opposition
What is the body’s center of gravity?
the point at which its mass is considered to concentrate where it is balances on either side of all planes. Center of Mass
Where is this located in the average person?
Second Sacral Vertebrae
To maintain balance a person’s line of gravity musct fall within?
Its base of support
Is a large of small base more supportive?
Large base is more supportive
What are synergist muscles?
They assist the agonist in causing a desired action
What is co-contraction
When the agonist and antagonist contract together
What are stabolizers?
Muscles that co-contract to maintain support and alignement.
What is Isometric action
no visible movement occurs, the resistance matches the muscluar tension. used in balance or stabilization training.
what is concentric action?
the muscle shortens and overcomes the resistive phase. the up phase of a bicep curl. against gravity.
What is eccentric action?
Lengthening ore returning to its resting length from teh shortened one. goes with gravity
what is a closed chain movement?
the end of the farthest part of the chain is fixed. ex. with a squat.
Open kinetic chain
the end of the chain is free. seated leg extension.
Do closed or open chain involve more muscles?
Closed chain involved more muscles.
What is joint mobility?
The range of uninhabited movement around a joint pt body segment
What is joint stability?
Ability to maintain or control joint movement or position.
Muscular balance involves what three things?
- equal strength and flexibility on right and left sides
- proportional strength in opposing muscle groups
- balance in flexibility in normal range of motion.
What are the 4 types of tissue found in the body?
Muscular, nervous, connective, epitheleal
what is the difference between static balance and dynamic balance?
Static balance is when maintain balance while standing still.
Dynamic balance is reestablish new base of support while going through a range of motion.
